Plan of Action for Human Trafficking and Sexual Violence

Plan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking Abstract Human trafficking is a crime that without the proper direction will cost the human being the right to have freedom. Every person has the right to choose and not fall into being victimized by someone who is in the pursuit of indentured servitude. This billion-dollar industry is aiding the criminal acts such as drug trafficking and production, sexual assault, sexual rape (male or female), and most of all abuse and neglect of all the victims involved. Most people want to believe that human trafficking is non-existent and only happens to victims who are participating in any illegal enterprise. The ugly truth is that most people who have been trafficked did not know the ramifications†¦show more content†¦So everything needs to be evaluated to make sure they are not contributing to human trafficking and/or the death of the victim. When it comes to the labored help (farmhands, nannies, etc.), there should be a system in place that their living situations should be monitored. This c an be accomplished by being able to go to persons’ residence and/or job and have conversations with them just to let them know that if something goes wrong they have help. An estimated 2.5 million people are in forced labor (including sexual exploitation) at any given time as a result of trafficking (International Labour Organization). According to the United Nations compiled report, â€Å"In 2006 there were only 5,808 prosecutions and 3,160 convictions throughout the world† (United States State Department, 2007). This means that out of all the people that were being victimized, if you had 800 victims only one person was prosecuted. That number is absurd! So why is that so many people are not prosecuted for these heinous acts of crimes against a human? One reason is because when it comes to what is legal or nor changes depending on what part of the world one is in. What may be illegal here in the United States may be legal in other countries. In some countries, the law enforcement either condones or has a hand in human trafficking. â€Å"Corrupt police can become directly involved by helping create and shield a trafficking scheme or by colludin g with traffickers by alerting them toShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking : The United Nations Human Rights1162 Words   |  5 PagesQuin Smith and Colin Grande Federal Republic of Germany United Nations Human Rights Council The Athenian Academy Human Trafficking Quin Smith Intro Human trafficking is one of the biggest human rights issues facing our world today. This practice makes much money for those who traffic humans, and destroys the lives of its victims. Brothels have been legal in Germany since 2002, and it is no coincidence that Germany s largest brothel is just a few miles drive from the French border. ProstitutionRead MoreSex Trafficking And Sexual Exploitation1304 Words   |  6 Pages Sex trafficking is filled with a combination of those who willingly participate and with sex slaves. Like various countries, for years Nepal has been known for being home to a number of women in the sex trafficking business, and majority of Nepali prostitutes work in Indian brothels. In Nepal, sex trafficking helps to financially aid women; however, it increases the number of those with HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, and mental illnesses. Conversely, there are anti-trafficking movementsRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Defined As A Form Of Modern Slavery E ssay1563 Words   |  7 Pages1. According to the Department of Homeland Security, human trafficking is defined as a form of modern slavery, in which victims are often either forced, coerced, or fooled by false promises for the purposes of labor or sexual exploitation (citation). Human trafficking has continued to flourish in the 21st century due largely to globalization, natural disasters and crises, and the lack of a united effort to address this issue. Globalization has enabled traffickers to contact interested parties worldwideRead MoreEssay about Human Trafficking in the United Kingdom1457 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is not just a part of our history; it is continuously growing around the world today because of traffickers who are using it as an easy way to make a profit. Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or make a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men from time to time are taken before they get the opportunity to receive little ifRead MoreThe Ongoing Trial of Human Trafficking Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages Human trafficking is not just a part of our history; it is continuously growing around the world today because of traffickers who are using it as an easy way to make a profit. Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or make a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men are taken from time to time before they get the opportunity to receive little ifRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring and/ or exercising control, direction or influence over the movements of a person in order to exploit that person, typ ically through sexual exploitation or forced labour† (Public Safety Canada, 2015). It is also called a modern form of slavery. According to one estimate about 2.4million people around the globe are trafficked annually (Golbya, Sian Hsiang-Te Zacharias, 2015). In Canada alone, currently, 56 human trafficking casesRead MoreShould Adult Prostitution Be Legalized?1262 Words   |  6 PagesShould adult prostitution be legalized in the United States? Prostitution is defined as the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment, (1). Prostitution to this definition is illegal in 109 countries and legal in 77, yet America doesn t fit into either of these categories. America is one of 11 countries where prostitution is restricted, however, this label can be quite misleading. American prostitution is only legal in 11 rural Nebraska counties and is completelyRead MoreHuman Exploitation And Exploitation Of The United States, Canada, And Western Europe1702 Words   |  7 Pages Mexico is a Tier 2 source, transit, and destination country. It’s primary forms of trafficking are sexual exploitation and forced labor. Men, women, and children are trafficked, but the most vulnerable populations are indigenous peoples, migrants, mentally and physically disables, and LGBT individuals. Victims are forced into labor in the agriculture, domestic, manufacturing, food processing, construction, begging, and stre et vending services. Many victims are lured by fraudulent recruiters, possibilityRead MoreUtilitarianism, Deontology, And Virtue Ethics1586 Words   |  7 Pagesan ethical epidemic that is plaguing this world and it is called Human Trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime that violates common human rights by trading humans and forcing them to complete acts of coerced labor, or sex slavery. It is the 2nd largest criminal operation in the world next to the drug cartel and it is done to make money off these innocent lives (Ottisova, 2016). The illegal trade and exploitation of human beings for forced labor, prostitution and reproductive favors isRead MoreHuman Tracfficking as a Global Health Issue Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pages (Free the Slaves, 2013) These are men, women, and children living under horrid conditions, stripped of all human rights. Included in that number are one million children that are exploited by the global sex trade every year. In the United States t here is an estimated number of 50,000 foreign nationals being trafficked in every year and 400,000 domestic minors involved in this trafficking. (Dovydaitis, 2009) These are alarming numbers and something must be done to fight this modern day slavery.

How Same Sex Marriage Affects Society - 1469 Words

How Same-Sex Marriage Affects Society â€Å"In the year of 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act became a federal law. The act restricted federal marriage benefits and inter-state marriage recognition to heterosexual couples only. Gay advocates have been lobbying to remove those restrictions and redefine marriage to include same sex and bisexual adults arguing that accepting gay marriage would not harm heterosexual marriage and that religious restrictions on marriage are biased† (English). â€Å"About 18,000 is the number of gay couples that got married in California during the window when it was legal† (Press) for 142 days before the gay marriage legalization was banned due to citizens of the state voting for Proposition 8. Americans claim to have†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A lot of the objections on gay marriage are based upon religious beliefs and misinterpretations of some religious texts. The Bible and Quran both have negative passages that have been interpre ted to mean that gay marriage is seen as sinful behavior and it’s not proper in the eyes of God and that is where a lot of the hysteria around same-sex marriage is rooted in the beliefs and misinterpretations due to very few lines of texts†, Em Elliot from Georgia Equality states as she explains why she thinks gay marriage is so looked down upon in Church. What Elliot states is on the verge of being true but can well be false in the eyes of true supporters of gay marriage. Many churches see gay marriage as sinful because that is what churches make people think. Not only that, but churches also try to persuade that â€Å"gay marriage is not supported by religion† (Olympia), that, however, may be a true statement, but every thing that does not follow someone’s standpoint is considered a sin. Churches express how negative two men and two women marrying each other are but don’t take the time to study that a same-sex couple’s lives have nothing to do with the Church. The Church is in existence to make people’s beliefs have meaning; to give them something to believe in, but preaching that gay marriage is harmful is the true negative

How Accountants Act As Business Advisors - 978 Words

This paper examines how accountants act as business advisors to small businesses, causing them to have a lower risk of failure and higher growth rate than those who do not. The research findings of Barbera, Hasso, and Rajavel were extremely helpful in supporting this thesis. Dr. Rajavel studied failing or failed businesses in an â€Å"economically resourceful† set of islands in the Bay of Bengal. He published a journal article based on his findings entitled â€Å"A Study on Causes for Business Failure: An Empirical Analysis†. While his writing mainly discussed the causes of business failure, he also advises entrepreuners to seek the help of those professionals necessary to prevent their problems (2013). Francesco Barbara and Tim Hasso elaborate on the lack of previous research into the importance of an accountant, especially in the small family-owned sector. They compared 2,004 of these in the Business Longitudinal Survey (BLS) of Australia and found the majority to cur rently or previously use an outside accountant. They compare young businesses to old and confirm the advisors who get to know their clients help younger companies gain stability and help older companies increase growth (2013). With such limited research in this area, these researchers play a key role in the information provided within. After studying 2,004 family firms, researchers Barbera and Hasso stated: â€Å"of all family SMEs (small-medium enterprises), nearly 89% have used an external accountant.† This has shownShow MoreRelatedBusiness And Tax Strategies With The Right Accountant1256 Words   |  6 PagesFinding the Right Accountant Curating Your Business and Tax Strategies with the Right Accountant Choosing the right accountant can seriously impact your taxes, ability to build wealth and your lifestyle. Creative accounting can offer you and your family a better life, provide for retirement and shelter income so that you can earn more money with pretax income. Choosing an accountant is critical for getting the maximum return from your business and investments. Choosing an accountant often results inRead MoreMy Professional Field Is Accounting Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesis accounting, I’ve been working as accountant nearly 10 years now. My carrier start as assistant of accountant. To become â€Å"Accountant† I took long way to come. First of all I started study book keeping certificate, it’s challenging for me. Working and study hard wasn’t easy, took me two years to take the certificate. Afterward, I joined accounting firm. At the accounting firm, I met Tax accountants as my managers. They did brilliant job, I couldn’t believe how they can handle that much amount ofRead MoreAccountant Role In Business Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages11/11/2017 Marta Silva â€Å"Are Management Accountants Important Strategic Partners in Corporate America’s Management teams? Despite the great stride in efforts made by the financial industry in the last twenty years, many still view management accountants as they were in the 1980s; the ‘scorekeeper’, the ‘corporate cop’, sitting in their cubicles running numbers from dusk to dawn. However, in the modern era accountants have started taking on new roles in corporations, becoming strategic plannersRead MoreAccounting Methods Used By Ancient Egyptians For Inventory Purposes1994 Words   |  8 PagesAccountants are trusted and respected all around the world. After all, this profession has been around for many years; there is proof that accounting methods were used by ancient Egyptians for inventory purposes. The accounting profession has many certifications; one of them is Certified Public Accountant, also known by its acronym, CPA. By far, the one with the most advantages is CPA because it is required by almost any accounting firm, provides mobility across the industry, and pro vides betterRead MoreThe Ethical Guidelines Provided By The Cima Provides Different Conflict Resolutions1143 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional figure or a legal advisor without breaching the fundamental principles of confidentiality. The Code of Ethical Conduct of the IMA provides these following conflict resolutions for organizations with conflicts in policies and resolutions. The organizations should approach their immediate supervisors and then if the problem is not resolved they should go to the next hierarchal supervisor that has some knowledge of the situation and can proved some insight on how to handle the situation. 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The Gay Science A Modern Critique Of Science - 1621 Words

The Gay Science: A Modern Critique of Science Bertrand Russell wrote about Nietzsche in A History of Western Philosophy, â€Å"He invented no new technical theories in ontology or epistemology; his importance is primarily in ethics, and secondarily as an acute historical critic.† (Russell 760) If The Gay Science is read as a true prescription for how science should be done, the majority of Nietzsche’s sections seem unrelated; there is no clear way too see how these sections speak to what is commonly understood as science. However, there exist a fair number of sections in this book that seem to speak directly on the common understanding of science about how it should be conducted, including the many missteps it has taken leading up to the writing of The Gay Science. When reading these sections closely, Nietzsche’s writing reflects many strikingly modern understandings of science. Many of these modern understandings and philosophies of science inferred from the text are from very different points in time and represent distinct philosophies of science, but they all have an underlying theme of positivism, subjectivism, and social constructivism. In certain sections The Gay Science should be read as a serious critique of scientific practice; a critique that should be taken seriously, even among modern sociologists and philosophers of science. If The Gay Science is to be read in this way, contrary to Bertrand Russell’s opinion, Nietzsche has much to say about the ontological import ofShow MoreRelatedMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 Pagesguide us through life. In turn, humans should embody the moral goodness and excellence that is revealed to us by God . These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. 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Thus in both The Scarlet Le tter andRead MoreModern Existentialism : Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche And National Socialism1510 Words   |  7 PagesFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844-1900) was one of the most influential philosophers and intellectual thinkers of the 19th century. He is considered one of the founders of modern existentialism, and his works have influenced various philosophers such as Martin Heidegger and Georges Bataille. His works often ran perpendicular to conventional beliefs of his time, and was received in numerous respects. 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In short, their statistical analysis backed by social-scientific evidence concludes that public policy in America is not determined by elections. A slap in the face to decades of political science conventional wisdom as well as to the millions who still hold faith in the strong words spoken by Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"government of the people, by the people, for the people,† (Gettysburg Address, 1863). Achen and Bartels challenge two traditional modelsRead MoreHistory of Sexuality3607 Words   |  15 Pages| | | A Historical Critique of Homosexual Exclusions from the Armed Forces using the concepts of Michel Foucault From 1989 to 1999, the time period of the Clinton Administration, a homosexual force entered the American consciousness. Court cases and rhetoric of the 80s incited a discourse in which homosexuality was re-articulated, re-negotiated, and unmistakablyRead MoreHomosexuality and University Press5666 Words   |  23 Pagesmales or between females. Gay refers to self-identification with such practices and desires, like homosexual, both terms mostly used only for men. Lesbian is its female counterpart. Such definitions have run into major problems, and nowadays the concept â€Å"queer† is used to indicate the fluency of sexual practices and gender performances. Sociological context Since the 1970s, homosexuality has become the topic of an interdisciplinary specialization variously called gay and lesbian, queer or LGBTRead MoreThe Dangerous Pursuit Of Knowledge1617 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly new inventions of technology and theories of science. But maybe knowledge is starting to ruin people’s life and it shouldn’t be sought after. Very similar in the novel Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein deals with the deadly pursuit of knowledge. 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Fuzzy logic in car safty Free Essays

Car safety issues are wide-reaching problem. This problem is mainly due to human driving which involves reaction times, delays, and Judgment errors that may affect traffic flow and cause accidents. In some cases, the cause of the accident is distraction on the part of the driver and failure to react in time. We will write a custom essay sample on Fuzzy logic in car safty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even in some cases, it could be cause by environmental factors (Song, 2005). Advanced system of auxiliary functions has been developed to help avoid such accident and minimize the effects of collision should one occur. Fuzzy logic provides tools for dealing with imprecision, which is fundamental to many engineering problems. The level of safety in our society could be archived by applying fuzzy logic control system. Fuzzy logic control technique has become an active area of research in the application of industrial processes, which are not friendly to straight control techniques. It attempts to emulate human mind for checking the processes parameters and to take decisions regarding the control action (Eugene, 1985). Fuzzy control become a huge industry in Japan and other countries where it was adapted into home appliances such as scum cleaners, microwaves ovens, video cameras, washing machines, etc. A fuzzy controller acts or regulates by means of rules in a more or less natural language, based on the distinguishing feature: fuzzy logic. On the other hand, to reduce car accidents we are going to examine a system, which makes the drivers, pay more attention and alert them before an accident takes place. Because of this, we shall acknowledge the digital systems because they are easier to handle with, so the first thing in the development is to convert all variations in the car environment into digital signals without any changes. The ultrasonic transmitter circuit sends its vibrations in front of car, when these vibrations reflected the ultrasonic receiver circuit would take these vibrations and amplify it. Moreover, send it to the microelectronic, which can compute the distance between the car and anything in front it (as shown in the figure 1 below). At the same time, the Infrared ‘R) circuit senses the round of the wheel and sends it signal to the microelectronic, which can compute the car speed. After that, the microelectronic sends the output signal to the speaker and The LCD. In addition, of these output devices the microelectronic sends output data to a personal computer using the serial port. Figure 1: Overview of the used hardware; copied figure (from Journal of Computer science 4 (1 2): 1061-1063, 2008]) We shall consider developing level of safety under three steps, which are: Defining level of safety Calculating each degrees of risk between two vehicles, and Combining these degrees to level of safety with average speeds in some divisions (Method et al, 2001). In the other hand, to ascertain the danger degrees of each car, and the base elements, fuzzy sets and their membership functions, are define by using survey data and degrees of risk (Chunk, 2003). In addition, if-then rules of inference engine are made by rou gh set theory. Conclusively, to get the level of safety in some divisions, fuzzy membership function values of each safety result is averaged, and a method to et ‘Level of Safety based on these degrees relates with an average of safety speeds is suggested. Definition of Level of Safety Safety being a wide-reaching problem, has gained various definitions from several authors. The level of safety in a road division means the grades, which people feel about the possibility to experience, rear-end collision including relentlessness in the division (Song, 2003). This definition is composed of three elements related with roads in themselves, driving behaviors in this road, and relation between drivers and roads. These three factors are mix in microscopic driving behaviors on roads, and five gyroscopic traffic condition variables are selected such as velocity and acceleration of lead and following cars, and the gap distance between these cars divided the minimum safety distance (Method et al, 2001). The minimum safety distance (MS) is the distance that following car needs to avoid a rear-end collision. The traffic condition in itself can be included into velocity, drivers’ behaviors are able to be included into oscillations of accelerations in every two seconds, and degree of risk in the system can explain the gap distance divided the minimum safety distance (MS). Where, : following Car speed Response time : Possible deceleration rate However, these results are not level of safety but risk degrees of two Cars (Fuller, 2005). Definition of Fuzzy Sets and Membership Function The member functions are divided into speed fuzzy sets and acceleration fuzzy sets (Method et al, 2001). Speed fuzzy sets are composed of three sets, ‘high speed’, ‘medium speed’, and ‘low speed’. Their membership functions are based on macroscopic traffic condition data and number of accident. Acceleration fuzzy sets also consist of three sets, ‘positive acceleration’, ‘no acceleration’, and ‘negative acceleration’, and membership functions, which are based on microscopic field, survey data and maximum and common acceleration rates of vehicles. The gap distance/MS sets are divided into three fuzzy sets, ‘more than 1’, ‘around 1’, and ‘less than 1’ using microscopic data. The combined danger degrees are about from 0. 4 to 0. 55 that corresponds to common situation defined in fuzzy set, and this result means that people drives more or less safely bearing some anger because there are possibility to happen accidents in traffic condition in itself but drivers believe that they can response properly to a danger situation. Moreover, this result shows that there are some danger situations n each two vehicle, but in road divisions, the danger degrees become normalized. Figure 3: Relation between Speed and Danger Degrees For this reason, ‘Level of Safety should not include the combined danger degree directly, and should be deducted from relationship between speeds as well as danger degrees. In order to find their relation, pairs of average speed and danger degree are, shown in figure 3. We find that danger degrees are low in low speed level and high in fast speed level, and the level of change is not high in low and rapid speed situations. However, in medium speed case, danger degrees are increase vapidly, and there are two points of inflection. If danger degrees do not change rapidly, drivers would react properly because their expectations to the road conditions are fixed, but if they change fast, the situation on a road division would be dangerous because the expectation of drivers cannot be fix. Consequently, the simple possibility of accidents depends on the grades of change in danger degrees, and the severity depends on the quantity of danger degrees. Conclusively, this seminar suggests ‘Level of Safety such as in Figure 4. First, range of Level of Safety in which relentlessness and possibility of accident is high is defined as Very dangerous situation’, E. Similarly, that of range which relentlessness or possibility is high is suggested as ‘dangerous situation’, D, and which relentlessness and possibility is usual as ‘common situation’, C, and which possibility is low and relentlessness is high as ‘safe situation’, B, and which possibility and relentlessness is low as Very safe situation’, A, these are shown in Table 3 below. Finally, relation of danger degrees and average speeds develops the intercepts of each level of safety, UT it needs to be more precisely define by further study based on more investigation. Table 3: Level of Safety Definition The possibility The severity The range(km/hrs) Very safe -18 c 25-40 (or) High 18-25, 40-53 53-63 Figure 4: copied figure (from [Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies]) 8. 0 CONCLUSION This seminar work shows how the system provides a solution to decrease the car accidents by giving the drivers more time to avoid the accidents. Adjusting the sensitivity and the accuracy for the measuring circuits is important to ensure that the assured parameters represent its actual values. The use of microelectronic makes it possible to implement the system with less hardware components. The microelectronic, FISTICUFF was chosen among all the other microelectronics because of its low-cost and small size. In addition, we evaluated safety degrees on a road division, and suggest ‘Level of safety. The method to develop ‘Level of Safety from degrees of danger and combined using fuzzy theory, and we combined danger degrees to define level of service with average speeds. This is the first trial to define How to cite Fuzzy logic in car safty, Papers

Human Resource Management Top Strategies and Decision Makers

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Top Strategies and Decision Makers. Answer: Introduction HR leaders have found a place at the table along with their companies top strategies and decision makers. The report sums up important decisions among HR professionals who have acknowledged its validity to pause and wonder. Since they have fought to change the professionalism, today smart companies do have a place for HR at the table. HR now faces challenges living up to utmost expectations. They seek in identifying and advocating for the people related business decisions (Bratton Gold, 2012). Again the impact of Human Resource Management has a tremendous impact upon the growth especially in todays global competitive market. In todays scenario the importance of learning in business has reflected the theories like learning organizations and knowledge management. Considering about the rapid environmental changes it is thus necessary for employees in obtaining the relative compatibility with changes and maintaining the employee satisfaction through frequent engage to learning and teach ing experiences. There we can find that achieving knowledge is a competitive advantage and employee training and so attention should be paid to each employees abilities. Since a learning organization is a company and deploys the capacity to learn, change and embrace the culture thus enabling every employees to acquire in a continuous manner and sharing of knowledge (Ulrich, 2013). Now organization development is necessary and involves the process of improving organizations effectiveness and employees wellbeing. It has to focus at both the macro and micro levels. HRD thus plays the role of change agent. Various roles and strategic are provisioned for HR and includes consulting with corporate strategic thinkers, help articulating goals and developing HR plans. This report basically deals with the development strategic planning to education and training programs. Here the developer develops more efficient work teams, improves the quality of management, implements the intervention strategies and develops change in reports (Ulrich, 2013). In case of learning programs the HR leaders take initiates in identifying needs of the learners, develop and design materials and other learning aids. It also helps to develop program objectives, take lessons plans and strategies where the facilitator presents learning materials, leads with structured learning experiences through the use of instructional methods and techniques. As a result for the performance management enrichment HR advices the line management over appropriate interventions to improve individual and group performance thus it provides intervention strategies (Purce, 2014). Through the addressing of HRD practices and programs it determines them effectively for changing the current and future problems. In the above process there are lot challenges for HRD and needs a lifelong learning for competing in global economy in order to change the workforce demographics. Important Actionsa HR Human resources professional understands the realities of todays work environment. Learning from them would involve a wide range of complex responsibilities and strategic activities which are central to help achieve a successful organizational climate. Taking an interactive learning program from HR developers brings you into a real world unto the day-to-day situation of your studies (Purce, 2014). These respected HR professionals allow you to network providing a hands-on, interactive, experiential learning. This in every scope of knowledge leads to business endorsement and gaining practical understanding of the matters in and around the organization. There are various techniques needed to build effective teams through empowering individuals. There is also a need for development and monitoring of human resource regulations which would address the new development as per the employment law. Management resource is necessary to know about the organizational development policies and development. These are most preferably designs processed for professionals who do the duties of training and development management (Storey, 2014). Training and development involves planning, directing and coordinating programs enhancing the knowledge and skills of the organizations employees. The manager oversees the staff of training and development specialists. The managers do the following: Assessing the employees need for training Creating and managing the training budget and ensure that operations are done within budget. Make best use of the available resources through developing and implementing the training programs Updating of training programs that ensures that they are currently been established. Overseeing creations educational materials like online learning modules. Reviewing of training materials from a variety of vendors and selecting it along with the appropriate content Teaching of training methods and skills for instructing and supervising Evaluating of effectiveness and training programs Company wants promoting of productive and knowledgeable workforce in order in staying competitive. Training and development mangers work to align with the ease to meet organization goals. The managers also oversee all training programs, staffs and budgets and organize training programs that includes creating and selecting course content along with materials (Jiang et al, 2012). This training is in the form of a video, self-guided instructional manual being delivered through computer, tablets or hand held electronic type devices. The session is collaborative with employees being informally connecting the experts, mentors and colleagues. They ensure the training methods, software, systems, content and other equipment to get appropriate and meaningful. Now this training and development have authorization over staffs of training and development specialists like an instructional program developers, instructors or designers. They teach having various training techniques and methods to specialists. The function also includes directing the daily activities of specialists and evaluating their effectiveness. In order to enhance the employees skills and help building the overall quality work of an organization, the training and development managers confer with each departments manager so as to identify the needs of training. Usually they work with top executives and financial officers and help identifying the matched priorities aiming taking into matter the organization goals. Apart from it they also prepare the training budgets while ensuring that the expenses to must stay within budget (Mello, 2014). Employee while their training comes across variety of learning and development opportunities which includes: courses, seminars, sessions over learning calendar, special projects, leadership development program. Job shadowing, acting opportunities, developmental transfer assignments, workshops and seminars, leading team meetings, dealing with dissatisfied customer and working with colleagues for redesigning of work process. Coordinator develops, design and facilitates variety of Human Resources and organizational developmental training programs. HR developer as a coordinator conducts the needs assessment for training and staff development to help enhance the effectiveness of employee performance in achieving the objectives and goals. They also facilitates programs concerning soft skills, policy, technology and be responsible for the statistical and financial reporting of ongoing training course of action. Oversees training records and manage the destruction and storage as per the organization schedules thus assisting with developing and coordinating training contract proposals. They include the use of vendor agencies for facilitators and external presenters whenever necessary (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). At every levels employees must work together in order to meet the needs of the community and the organization. This must be done through work behaviours and demonstrating the values. Employees also put their expectations to lead and demonstrate to the highest level of building standards and ethics (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). Relationship Between Organisational Development (OD) and HRDs' Strategic Human Resources Managers have increasingly taken lead in the organizational change activities. On the belief of self-renewal, HRD and OD have sought to build flexible and adaptable capability for both the individual and organization. Since HR has shifted from tea and tissue reputation to demand a seat at the table with strategic functions which seeks after becoming further strategic, commercial, professional and proactive. But this shifting requires HR practitioners in delivering a short termed functional activity thereby equipping the organization in long term performance sustainability through its people. This shift shows the expansion of HR agenda so as to include every aspect of people that process to deliver the organizations effectiveness. This include involving the right people, the right leadership, the right culture, the right change management, right people process and right organization design. Here we find few activities that are the Organization Development (OD) threads and include: strategic organization system alignment, high performance culture development, and change management, long term perspective and capability development. Therefore we find a number of things common for HR and OD. They utilize system to work together supporting the organization to pursue the long term sustainable performance. Again since the HR takes upon increasingly transformational role, the OD will enable HR to perform certain functions these are: work on organization design, analyse and improve over organizations health, design and deliver development and learning interventions, support transformation, keep the organization fit and healthy to challenge in future (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). Figure 1: Framework Source: (Budhwar Debrah, 2013) HR delivers effective OD through the line managers as being the primary practitioner for developing the organization. The leader must hold the custodian role for improving organization health/ performance and safeguarding. HR also needs a close working association with the senior leaders thus to turn them into commissioner those can diagnose and know their impact to improve the organization health and appreciate like an organization human system. HR needs an assurance about leadership capabilities that are not only transactional. Leaders require adding the ability to interpret the data to form effective, delineate organization and manage the environment. They have to make sure of the organization relevance that is aligned to organization (Kehoe Wright, 2013). They stand sufficiently to understand the human dynamic situation making sure of the robust process existing to inspire people within the organization. Thus the leaders make sure of the organization internal capability and by matching their strategic ambition. Human Resource Management improves the skills, knowledge thus increasing the value of the employee in the organization. It is the managers responsibility and HRD to change in the organization and meet its future goal. Many at times, they create this new Organizational Development (OD) department and accelerate the change by moving management and resources for giving a specific work. In any way this changing type affect people that why the HR development specialist often get involved in OD (Kehoe Wright, 2013). But however Human Resource Development and Organization Development cannot be regarded as one thing. Some Debates on the Notion of the Learning Organisation This paper gives insights to assessment for learning being drawn from recent analysis. It begins from the author describing a learning organization where employees expertly build, gain and share knowledge. Within a learning organization there is specific learning processes and practices and supportive and the leader encourages and promotes learning. Training and development work and the work of assessment and evaluation of performance need to be brought in to the light of conceptual models of organization learning. The learning brings to the degree and represents the mental models and aspiration of clients and self. That means the goals and objectives of this training and development assumptions are made about the place within the organization to be reassessed (Gatewood, Field Barrick, 2015). Otherwise the entire scope comes in to a more complex favour need a thorough discussion as the point of change. Here two changes in perspective are important that involves shifting from individual learning and performance with focus to team learning and the other involving shifting in the balance between process and outcome factors (Hoque, 2013). Now the learning organization is thoroughly concerned to both this process and outcome factors. Scoring in the Learning Organization This is the instrument that allows individual for examining the rate of learning going on within an organization. This is been divided in three key categories: supportive learning, assesses psychological safety, openness to new ideas, environment and assess experimentation, information transfer, education and learning, analysis and concrete learning processes and practices (Buller McEvoy, 2012). Here the final section depicts over examining leadership in the organization that determines and reinforces the learning behaviour. Formative Assessment in the Learning Organization This assessment focuses upon achieving goals instead of determining the goal objectives. This helps in clarifying learning goals and standards both for the employee staffs and trainees. The teaching and learning methodology are based upon these standards where the trainer gives frequent and substantive feedback about the level of progress pointing to their strengths and areas of their improvement. Thus they move closer to the learning process working primarily on quality in relation to standards. In other wards formative assessment makes goals and standards transparent through providing clear assessment criteria. It also provides feedbacks that are comprehensive, relevant and actionable and emphasizing to the learning outcomes (Flamholtz, 2012). It also closes the gap between the need about employees knowledge and their desired outcomes through the valuable diagnostic information accessed by generating informative data. The areas where the formative assessment can be applied are at school and policy levels so as to identify the improvement areas thereby promoting effective and constructive cultures for evaluation through education system. Formative assessment promotes the goals of lifelong learning with greater equity of outcomes, improved learning to learn skills and including higher level of achievement (Alfes et al, 2013). Summative Assessment in the Learning Organization The summative assessment is shown in a periodically manner and is useful in determining the knowledge of learners or trainees. Many associate in summative assessment use standardized tests like the state assessment and also use in the classroom programs. This serves as important measure that is generally used in place of grading process. This consists of long list but few of it examples included are: state assessment, interim assessment, scores that are used for accountability. Key statement over here is to calculate at any certain point the time student learning content standards relatives (Kehoe Wright, 2013). Even if this information is gleaned from this type of assessment it helps in evaluating the few aspects of the learning process. Summative assessment happens too far leading to the learning path and providing information at the classroom level. This makes an instructional adjustment and intervention at the time of the learning process. It also takes the formative assessment task in order to accomplish it. Again there are many classroom instructional strategies that form the part of good teaching. For the purpose of gathering information they apply this information in both formative and summative way (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). The distinction paves what is actually taught and how its being used to inform instruction, its shares and engaging the learners. Conclusion In the concluded statement the objective of this report was to broadly examine the mechanism of human resource development needed to be implemented as per the regulations and budget. Now Human Resource Development focuses on matching the needs of the business within the employee development focus. It depends upon the people because of their skills that contribute in achieving the business objectives (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). As known the HRD satisfies the companys requirement working on the basis of human skills, motivation and professional skills. This development converts each and every employment for the mechanism of the company. It works with the notion that advantages are brought by strong employees so that HRD would provide a strong personnel representative thus improving the results in its activity. It also reveals the complicated system intentions that would had led to motivation, compensation and development. This report is merely interpreted for managers to understand the frameworks and practical applications for a new strategic human development. It also provides a better understanding to the concepts and ideas concerning contemporary practices, various important actions of HR developer and about its managing the learning program involvement (Buller McEvoy, 2012). 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