Hiram Rhodes Revels

How does SAT Superscoring Affect your Test Strategy SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Bunches of schools superscore your SAT scores, or take your most noteworthy segment scores over the entirety of your test dates. Other than making your application more grounded, this arrangement can likewise be important forhow you approach the SAT. How can it achieve allthis? Peruse on to figure out how SAT superscoring influences your general testing procedure. To start with, what are the significant advantages of SAT superscore? Why Superscoring Really is Super On the off chance that thecollege you're applying to has an arrangement of superscoring your SAT outcomes, at that point it will take your most elevated segment scores over all test dates. This implies you don't have anything to stress over on the off chance that you have some high points and low points in your scores. It additionally could help boost your scores to your most noteworthy composite score. This model delineates exactly how much superscoring can influence your composite score across various test dates. This understudy scored exceptionally on Critical Reading on Test 1, on Math on Test 2, and on Writing on Test 3. This studentscored a sum of 1500 on each of hertest dates, butsuperscoring permitted hercomposite score to bounce up to an amazing 2100! Area Perusing Math Composing Composite Test 1 700 400 400 1500 Test 2 400 700 400 1500 Test 3 400 400 700 1500 Superscore 700 700 700 2100 This is a fairly misrepresented model, as ideally you won't drop 300 focuses in any segment when you retake the SAT. In any case, it shows exactly the amount of an effect superscoring can have. Unmistakably seeing score reports across various test dates along these lines is useful when you apply to universities. In any case, venturing back a year or more before your application cutoff times, can this approach influence your procedure for taking the SAT in any case? We should get key, similar to a round of human chess! How SAT Superscoring Affects Your Test Strategy By and large, understudies who do best on the SAT are the ones who have an arrangement. They plan how to read for the SAT, when to take it, and how often to take it. As opposed to staggering onto high scores haphazardly, they are purposeful aboutall parts of getting ready for and taking the SAT. As a major aspect of this key arranging, you could utilize this superscoring strategy for your potential benefit. The initial step is investigating your universities' arrangements towards SAT scores. On the off chance that the schools you're applying to do superscoring, the same number of schools do, at that point youmight consider fusing this into your test plan. Like your universities, you could superscore your own test by working up your composite scores progressively across various test dates. You may read seriously for math for your first test date to accomplish a solid math score. For your next test, you could prepare particularly for Reading, and afterward increase your Writing prep for the third. This methodology could help center your contemplating, just as ease the heat off of each test. You'd just focus on a solid score in one area each time, as opposed to agonizing over performing admirably in every one of the three areas. Along these lines, this system could help calm pressure, separate the test into sensible pieces, and keep it from getting overpowering. This arrangement of working up your composite score across various test sittings implies you would take the SAT two, three, or more occasions. This would include beginning right on time, at any rate a year or so in front of your school cutoff times. You could take the SAT first in the fall of junior year, again in the spring, and afterward for a third time in the fall of junior year. On the off chance that you need to leave yourself significantly more chances to test, if there should arise an occurrence of an accident testing day or unsuitable scores, at that point you could drive this calendar back considerably further. In case you're utilizing superscoring for your potential benefit, you can perceive how you'd need to comprehend your universities' strategies a year or more before you're really applying to those schools. In case you're understanding this and thinking this methodology seems like something you need to attempt, you ought to likewise know about the possible traps of this methodology. Prior to hopping into it, think about this expression of alert. Caution:this procedure could get elusive when stripped. Expression of Caution About This Strategy Utilizing each SAT test date to concentrate on scoring exceptionally in each segment in turn doesn't mean overlooking or skirting different areas totally. This would be a pointless hazard for a few reasons. It could look bizarre to confirmations officials in the event that you have colossal vacillations in your scores starting with one SAT then onto the next, for a certain something. Significantups and downs could likewise look dubious to College Board, who are keeping watch for odd movement on score reports. An unexplained decline or increment of a few hundred focuses between test organizations, particularly taken around the same time, might bring about your scores being reviewed, retained, or even dropped. Some change is ordinary, even expected on the off chance that you set aside the effort to prepare between tests, however you wouldn't have any desire to totally overlook a couple out of the three areas while utilizing this SAT superscoring technique. Also it could simply lose your entire pacing of the test, and dealing with your time is a major piece of acing the SAT. Working up your segment scores can be a helpful and viable technique. Simply be cautious that you don't take it to the outrageous. You could perhapsdevote about a large portion of your time preparing for one segment, while as yet taking 1/4 of your outstanding planning time for the other two areas. I would suggest putting the lion's share ofyour study time toward one segment of the test when utilizing this methodology, however not every last bit of it. My other expression of alert includes being aware of the occasions you take the SAT. While you can in fact accept it the same number of times as you need, I wouldn't propose surpassing 6 test organizations. The time and cash put toward taking the SAT anything else than this would most likely be better spent on preparing to accomplish the scores you want in less time. By beginning early, you ought to have enough test dates inside this range to meet your objectives, particularly on the off chance that you have an away from of your schools' position on test scores and why superscoring is so useful. How about we rapidly audit the most significant ways it can work for your potential benefit. Significant Takeaways for Your Testing Strategy These are the most significant focuses to recollect for your SAT testing methodology: Examination your schools' arrangements towards SAT scores well ahead of time of your applications, so you can consider fusing them into your investigation plan and testing plan. In the event that your schools SAT superscore, at that point you can augment your composite scores by reading for and increasing a solid score in each segment in turn. Abstain from taking the SAT in excess of multiple times, as this time and cash could likely be better spent on test prep. Except if your schools necessitate that you send every one of your scores, at that point consider utilizing College Board's Score Choice to simply send the reports that will give you the most elevated superscore (Math + Critical Reading + Writing). By knowing your schools' application necessities, you can ease the heat off of each SAT and prep in a concentrated manner, each segment in turn, to pick up your most grounded SAT scores. Information truly is power. What's Next? Whether or not or not you're developing your SAT scores each area in turn, you need to be careful about when and how often you step through the exam. Find out about how to pick the best test dates for your calendar here. A few universities no longer require SAT scores, while others let you send Subject Tests or AP scores in lieu of the SAT. See the full rundown of test discretionary and test adaptable schools here. Is it accurate to say that you are considering how understudies accomplish the slippery 2400 on the SAT? This fullscorer clarifies the techniques and study plan he used to accomplish an ideal score. Need to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the business' driving SAT prep program. Worked by Harvard graduates and SAT full scorers, the program learns your qualities and shortcomings through cutting edge measurements, at that point modifies your prep program to you so you get the best prep conceivable. Look at our 5-day free preliminary today:

knowledge and evidence Essay -- essays research papers fc

One meaning of information is genuine conviction dependent on solid proof. What makes proof â€Å"strong† enough and by what means would this be able to restrain be set up?      The creation of information is the procedure where sincere belief is strengthened by commonsense proof. It is to my conviction that, proof is a cornerstone in the support of truth, since it is something strong and concrete. Centrality of proof is additionally amplified by our general public as we create. In significant territories, for example, logical examinations, legal assessments, recorded appraisals and numerous other field of information, the estimation of respectable proof are unequivocally upheld. While proof is a solid factor in wiping out questions of information, various sorts of proof can likewise influence the dependability of reality guarantee which it underpins. The almost negligible difference isolating important proof and problematic confirmation has since been drawn and bantered over from the primary schools of considerations to today’s wide fields of information. In like manner, I will likewise call upon my own understanding and comprehension to attract my own line the dark region of this range.      Before the statement of my insight claims, I might want to explain my comprehension of proof and its attributes; which will be the establishment of this conversation. On a wide view, proof can be distinguished as a reality like statement that demonstrates or refutes  ¯ in a specific way  ¯ an idea to be valid, and reliable. On a closer assessment, I understood, it is the evidence’s level of pertinence and validness that builds up its worth and quality. Significance, I accept, is the relationship which the proof has with the hypothesis that it is attempting to maintain. As two things with solid associations will in general help one another, proof with cozy relationship to the theory, is additionally ready to help reality inside that presumption. Credibility, then again, is the noteworthiness of proof. Just when the proof is legitimate, will the information that it is attempting to legitimize be exact. Moreover, evidence’s quality likewise exists in its objectivity and respectability. With less close to home inclination, proof will be viewed as target, consequently simpler to concede all around. Toward the end, respectability concludes solid proof through the impact of trust. Despite the fact that solid proof can remain as a reality of I... ... defect of proof must be limited, however can't be dispense with, this in the long run will bring about not many contentions. As we discover better methods of finding more grounded information, the recurrence of the debates will likewise diminish. Consequently, I accept, importance, validness, objectivity and noteworthiness are for the most part solid factors in the obtaining of solid proof, which at last influences the approval of information. With various circumstance and inside various fields of study, the level of these four factors that decides solid proof may change, due to the distinction in how truth is seen. In this article, I have introduced my own view and draw my own line which may consolidate my very own inclination, yet I accept, portions of my imprint will in any case stay on that range as authentic information. (1,560) Book reference  ·Ã‚     The Committee On The Judiciary House of Representatives, Federal Rules of Evidence, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2001  ·Ã‚     Evans, Colin: A Question of Evidence †The Casebook of Great Forensic Controversies, from Napoleon to O.J., John Wiley and Sons Inc., New Jersey, 2003

Risk Factors Analysis of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection

Hazard Factors Analysis of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection Seroprevallence and hazard factors investigation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum disease of chickens in Bhola locale, Bangladesh. Mahfuzul Islamâ and Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan Unique This investigation was intended to decide the seroprevalence and hazard factors (kinds of chickens, age gatherings and periods) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) disease in chickens. The examination was directed from April 2011 to March 2012. A sum of 480 blood tests were gathered thinking about sorts of chicken (patio chicken and business layer chicken), age gatherings (pullet, grown-up and old) and seasons (summer and winter) from various upazila of Bhola area of Bangladesh. Based on serum plate agglutination test, 268 chickens were discovered positive for MG (55.83%). As per the outcomes, the higher (62.5%) and lower (53.61%) pervasiveness of MG contamination was found in lawn chickens and business layer chicken separately. The pervasiveness was recorded most elevated in pullets (60.63%) trailed by grown-up (55.63%) and old chickens (51.25%), separately. The predominance was most elevated (60.42%) in winter and least (51.25%) in summer. It is generally suggested that MG contaminati on is as yet a significant ailment issue in chickens in Bangladesh. In this way, preventive systems, for example, proper farming and cleanliness, sterile treatment of chicks and eggs, routine wellbeing observing, chemoprophylaxis and immunization ought to be underscored. Watchwords: chickens, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, hazard factors, seroprevalence. Presentation In Bangladesh, poultry industry has gained surprising ground in the most recent decades from a patio dare to an extensively complex business industry. Notwithstanding the quick development of poultry industry, it is as yet inclined to certain irresistible dangers which may cause incredible monetary misfortunes. Insufficient estimates embraced by the partners for the control of ailments notwithstanding certain administration issues have rendered the poultry cultivating a hazardous business. Various microbial ailments are the significant wellbeing dangers being looked by poultry industry, among which mycoplasmosis is the most significant. Mycoplasmosis is brought about by four significant pathogens viz. M. gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), M. meleagrides (MM) and M. iowae (MI) (Bradbury, 2001 and Evans et al., 2005) of which MG is the most significant species that causes ceaseless respiratory ailment (CRD) in chickens (Ley, 2008). Feathered creatures of all age bunches are powerles s to this ailment yet youthful flying creatures are more inclined to disease than grown-ups (Seifi and Shirzad, 2012). MG is promptly transmitted on a level plane from both clinically contaminated and transporter fowls through direct contact. Mycoplasma living beings can get by in the host flying creature for roughly 24 hours and fomites can fill in as an irresistible course. Vertical transmission from some transporter flying creatures happens through trans-ovarian transmission. Poultry can convey the MG living beings with no clinical signs until an upsetting occasion triggers clinical malady. Brooding period fluctuates from 6-21 days and introduction of clinical signs can be exceptionally factor (Ley, 2008). The clinical signs with MG contamination in chicken incorporate respiratory rales, nasal release, hacking, and every so often conjunctivitis (Ley, 2003). MG can be analyzed by examining their various properties, for example, morphological, social qualities, biochemical and sero logical properties of the causal operator (Ley, 2008). Among serological tests the serum plate agglutination (SPA) test could be utilized as an instrument for fast location of MG contamination (Seifi and Shirzad, 2012). Monetarily accessible weakened strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) are regularly utilized as immunization inside the layer business to control MG-initiated mycoplasmosis (Evans et al., 2012). Be that as it may, all out annihilation of MG disease through test and butcher is the best control strategy (Ley, 2003). Be that as it may, in viable it is costly and the rise of multiage buildings in the business layer industry makes this methodology illogical (Levisohn and Kleven, 2000). Because of financial significance finding and prophylaxis of avian mycoplasmosis have gotten consideration. Reports on seroprevalence of mycoplasmosis in chickens are a lot of restricted in the Bhola locale of Bangladesh. In this way, the point of the current examination was to decide the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) disease in chickens and investigation the hazard factors (kinds of chickens, age gatherings and seasons) to take successful control estimates, for example, fitting farming and cleanliness, sterile treatment of chicks and eggs, routine wellbeing checking, chemoprophylaxis and immunization. MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation was directed in the Laboratory of District veterinary emergency clinic, District Livestock Office, Bhola, Bangladesh during the period from April 2011 to March 2012. Study region and choice of feathered creature: An aggregate of 480 blood tests were gathered from the wing vein of unvaccinated and sound chickens thinking about kinds of chicken (Backyard Chicken and Commercial layer Chicken), age gatherings (pullet, grown-up and old) and seasons (summer and winter) from various upazila of Bhola region of Bangladesh Blood assortment and serum planning: In live feathered creatures, 2 mL blood were gathered from wing vein by utilizing new expendable plastic syringe (5 mL) and gathered blood was kept in room temperature for around 1-2 hour(s). A spotless straw shading serum was seen around the thickened bunch and the serum was filled a named screw topped vial and put away at - 20Â ºC until utilized. Serum plate agglutination (SPA) test: The SPA test was directed with precious stone violet recolored M. gallisepticum business antigen (Nobilisâ ® MG) acquired from Intervet Company Ltd. (The Netherlands). Adhering to the makers guidance, 0.03 mL antigen and 0.03 mL serum was put next to each other with pipette in a glass plate and blended well by mixing in with glass bar, trailed by shaking. Results were perused inside 2 min. In positive cases granules were framed gradually which could be seen during shaking. In the negative case, no such granules were framed. Agglutination was doled out score from +1 to +3. Just the sera tests having agglutination score +2 or more prominent were recorded as positive and were incorporated for estimation of percent predominance. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Generally speaking predominance of MG contamination in lawn and business layer chicken The general pervasiveness of MG contamination was 55.83% (Table 1). The current finding is in concurrence with past reports of Godoy et al. (2001), Biswas et al. (2003) and Zhang et al. (2001) who detailed 59.1%, 54.9% and 53.0% seroprevalence of MG disease in chickens, individually. Results additionally indicated a higher pervasiveness of M. gallisepticum in lawn checkens (62.5%) when contrasted with business layer chicken (53.61%). Hossain et al. (2007) demonstrated the general seroprevalence of MG disease in various groups of business layer chicken in Rajshahi area of Bangladesh was recorded as 55.13%. Comparative reports were shown by Sikder et al. (2005) who detailed 56.9% seropositive layer chickens for MG contamination in Patuakhali region and by Sarkar et al. (2005) who announced 58.9% seropositive layer chickens for MG disease in some model reproducer poultry cultivates in Feni region of Bangladesh. Then again, there was no seroprevallence information accessible in the event of patio checkens. In any case, in this studty the higher predominance of M. gallisepticum in terrace checkens is might be because of progressively common disease. Predominance of MG disease in various ages Results indicated the most extreme predominance in pullets (60.63%) trailed by grown-up (55.63%) and old (51.25) chickens, individually (Table 2). Beforehand, Mukhtar et al. (2012) recorded the most noteworthy predominance (54.84 %) was found in pullets, trailed by 46.34 %, and 44.44 % in grown-up and old laying runs, individually. This finding likewise underpins the report of Hossain et al. (2007) who recorded the most noteworthy pervasiveness of MG contamination was 72.72% in 18-25 weeks age gathering while least commonness was 44.00% in 66 weeks or more age gathering. Comparable report was likewise shown by Sikder et al. (2005) who revealed most noteworthy MG contamination (71.42%) at 18 weeks old enough and least (55.17%) at 63 weeks old enough. This finding additionally bolsters the report of Sarkar et al. (2005) who recorded 73.80% MG disease at 20 weeks old enough in contrast with 45.16% at 55 weeks old enough. Most noteworthy disease in the youthful chickens is because of the vertical transmission of the life forms. Regular frequency of MG disease Results demonstrated a higher predominance of M. gallisepticum in winter (60.42%) when contrasted with the mid year (51.25%) season (Table 3) and comparative report was distributed before (Sarkar et al., 2005) that detailed 62.4% commonness of MG contamination in winter in contrast with 53.1% in summer. Like our discoveries, higher commonness of MG disease during winter season (61.48 %) than in summer (47.74 %) has been accounted for before (Heleili et al., 2011). Mukhtar et al. (2012) demonstrated the malady was progressively pervasive in winter season (45.13 %) in correlation with the late spring season (36.30 %). Hossain et al. (2007) indicated the seropositivity in chickens was 61.49% in winter contrasted with 47.74% in summer. Comparative report was shown by Sarkar et al. (2005) who announced 62.44% pervasiveness in winter in contrast with 53.10% in summer. This regular variety in disease may be because of the unexpected change in temperature and cold weight on the winged creatu res. Ends In result, M. gallisepticum is pervasive in Bhola region of Bangladesh and furthermore it could cause serious financial misfortunes. The commonness of MG contamination is higher in lawn chickens in contrast with business layer chickens. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the event of MG have a noteworthy relationship with age gatherings and seasons. Keeping in see, endeavors ought to be made towards teaching the poultry ranchers for the compelling

Personal statement on going to graduate school for speech pathology Essay

Individual proclamation on going to graduate school for discourse pathology - Essay Example I am interested and need to turn into an expert. I am certain that as an individual I am appropriate for admission to the program since, notwithstanding the intrigue and inspiration, I am profoundly committed, patient, and love to work with youngsters all around. It is additionally because of this huge love for kids and for working with them, that I have been presented to the degrees of discourse issue with which a large number of them are tested and the should be fittingly prepared and guaranteed so as to adequately help them and people related with them, and to address their requirements. I am mindful of the way that the field is certainly not a shallow one as the issues to be tended to are significant and differed, going from the sociological, to the organic and monetary, if not political, to give some examples. Be that as it may, I am prepared to do effectively seeking after alumni concentrates around there in light of the fact that I have effectively finished undergrad concentrates with a GPA of 3.0, and I have scored 700 on my GRE. In addition, I realize that learning at the Masters level requires a great deal of research, autonomous work, and a more elevated level of reasoning and examination. The understudy at this level must act naturally coordinated, and I realize that I have such capacities.

Compare and Contrast Plato and Aristotle on Well-Being Free Essays

string(88) we have now concluded that our exercises are acted as per our function. Plato and Aristotle on prosperity. Prosperity: The condition of being sound glad or prosperous. It appears glaringly evident to propose that the objective we as a whole are focusing on is absolute satisfaction; complete achievement and satisfaction. We will compose a custom paper test on Thoroughly analyze Plato and Aristotle on Well-Being or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now In the Nichomachean morals, Aristotles’ fundamental point is to give a depiction of what this purported satisfaction really is, and how we can approach our everyday lives so as to accomplish the best life that we can. He starts book one with what scholars call a ‘Teleological origination of life’.That is, all that we do is focusing on some end: ‘every craftsmanship and each examination, and likewise every activity and interest, is considered to focus on some great. Consequently the great has been appropriately characterized as ‘that at which all things aim’ ‘ (NE 1. 1) What Aristotle implies here by ‘good’, isn't the conventional term that we use to portray something pleasant or positive, yet a greater amount of an extreme, preeminent great; an agreeable and healthy end. An end at which we as a whole are pointing. In book 1, Aristotle calls a definitive end (or telos) eudaimonia, which is generally deciphered as bliss, yet additionally as progress or satisfaction. (1097a28-34). He suggests that we should not to see joy as a property, yet as an objective for which we act. So Aristotles’ assessment of bliss is a pragmatic one, down to earth since he not just needs us to come to pass for upon a hypothesis of what joy really is, yet his methodology is guided by the idea that such an end is nothing not exactly the object of all balanced action.Aristotle suggests that the initial step we can take towards obtaining an effective life, is to acknowledge what great activity comprises in, and to utilize this to direct us in our interests. He proceeds to state that we should utilize the measures of this preeminent great to ‘evaluate (other) products, for example, joy, riches, respect, moral goodness, and philosophical contemplation’ (Lear, G. R Happy Lives and the Human Good,1. 1)- we are to take these to be the keys to our bliss. Thus, we can expect, up until now, that the Human Good, as per Aristotle, is the thing that we concieve to be the proper object of sound endeavour.Since the hypothesis being referred to is a reasonable one, and one including the activity of judicious action, and every one of our interests is focusing on some end or great; at that point all activities and their finishes are subordinate to some other activity. For instance, An is focusing on B, and B is focusing on C and C is better than both An and B, be that as it may, C is focusing on D†¦ And so on. Along these lines, we should properly reason that there must be a type of extreme end (Human Good) comparative with every one of us. Aristotle’s next point is to determine precisely what such an end comprises in. G.Lawrence, in his examination of the Human Good and Human Function, brings up that Aristotle clarifies that there are two particular domains wherein achievement is accomplished. One lies in the objective and the finish of activities being arranged effectively, and the other is to discover the activities which permit us to show up toward the end. So it appears that these things are what give us an item for our commonsense explanation, for it is Aristotles’ contention to communicate that a typical beginning stage we as a whole for the most part acknowledge, is that we are seeking after a fruitful or incredible life.And it is in the satisfaction of the activities neccesary for progress that we accomplish it. What coherently follows on from this is, when we have understood the end which we actually want (telos) we should look to the fundamental capacity of ourselves as people; as sound creatures, at how we are arranged and our specific circumastances, conditions that are clearly going to infuence our undertakings on the way to the ideal end. Along these lines Aristotle opens his contention for Human Function.Lawrence recommends that this contention has not been proposed to remain solitary, yet that, notwithstanding the comprehension of the practicable great (which I will expound on later), our accomplishment in life is dependant upon our capacity, since performing it well would satisfy our tendency. For instance: A blade has a capacity it is for cutting things. On the off chance that a blade were to perform it’s work well, I. e, is sharp and acceptable at cutting things, at that point it very well may be supposed to perform it’s work as per the strengths specific to that act ivity.So, if our capacity as humans’ is to live in a specific way, to reason, at that point, most likely, Aristotle must be in any event incompletely right in proposing that we should play out our capacity as per soundness, and as per its’ movement explicit strengths. In NE 1. 7, Aristotle isolates the spirit into a few sections. He says that the two people and creatures have a spirit, however that they are diverse in the accompanying manners: The human spirit has structure and is fit for rationality.The judicious soul is additionally partitioned into logical thinking which includes neccesary certainties, and calculative thinking which includes unexpected realities. Creatures are not discerning animals, yet they do have substance, and a spirit with substance is worried about sense, nourishment and development. We are subsequently particular and better than creatures and plants for our ability to reason. Aristotle contends that ‘. . we are searching for keeps an eye on legitimate capacity; so we should bar from our definition the existence that comprises in nourishment and growth..There stays at that point, a down to earth life of sane part’ (1. 7. 1098a). As I referenced before, Aristotle additionally clarifies that it isn't sufficient to have the capacity to reason, we should play out our life-resources, which are our capacity, and to perform them well is to play out our capacity well. In book one we discovered that-in Aristotles’ account, satisfaction is an action of the spirit. Furthermore, we have now concluded that our exercises are acted as per our capacity. You read Thoroughly analyze Plato and Aristotle on Well-Being in class Papers We realize that the incomparable great, eudaimonia, is an end at which the entirety of our activities aim.So now one needs to figure out what it is that is the most noteworthy of all pragmatic action, since all activities are subordinate to some other, and that there must, convincingly, be some reasonableness that is over all others, and which is the last acceptable that focuses on eudaimonia. The initial step of Aristotles’ Nichomachean morals opens as Aristotle’s obvious worry with the positive qualities in two objective domains: Production (poiesis) and purposeful activity (praxis). In (1. 1. 1094a3-6) Aristotle presents that there is a neat and tidy qualification between these two domains. He says that ‘some are exercises and others results unmistakable from the activities’.What he intends to state, in my view, is that the result of our activities is the practicable acceptable. For instance: A picked activity could be to read for A-levels, in the event that one progresses admirably, at that point to go to college; for this would be the result of the last mentioned. To go to college is additionally an activity in itself, since it is focusing on an item, and that item would be an agreeable profession. In any case, if we somehow managed to continue relating each activity to its own item, at that point we would make certain to go on into endlessness, for, as I have noticed, all activities are subordinate to some other action.Therefore, the investigation of this ‘Practicable Good’ is the solution to our concern. G. Lawrence, on page 40 of his Human Good and Human Function, proposes that the most ideal method of finding a determinate meaning of this practicable great, is by seeing all activities and their finishes progressively, ‘.. there is a guideline balanced development.. What's more, the higher increasingly last end is ever the better’. On the off chance that we look to the end that we find if we somehow managed to consolidate the entirety of the hierarchy’s of all parts of the bargains, at that point that would be the most incomparable undertaking, the activity for whose purpose all the finishes underneath merited deciding for the ake of. On this end, Aristotle comments ‘.. the information on the great is vital to us in the lead of our lives. It is safe to say that we are not bound to accomplish our point on the off chance that we have an objective? ‘ (1. 2. 1094a24-5).And therefore we have what Aristotle adds up to be the Practicable Good. Since we presently realize that it is the practicable acceptable which we are targetting-as a definitive ‘good’ activity as an unfortunate obligation (eu) at that point, without a doubt, we should need to figure out what the practicable great really includes, and how we are to apply it to ourselves as people, with an assortment of conditions. In NE1. - 2, Aristotle asserts that all sound idea is either down to earth or profitable or hypothetical, and that the class of believed that the Nichomachean Ethics’ is worried about is handy. It is businesslike, and worried about activity and not creation. Aristotle doesn't need us to feel his genuine concern is with what we may allude to as deliberate activity, yet what he calls â€Å"preferentially chosen† activity. ‘It is believed to be the sign of a reasonable man to have the option to think appropriately about what is acceptable and invaluable for himself’ (NE V1. 5. 1140a25-8). Such picked activity is the thing that we plan in the wake of having completely justified about it.Aristotles’main object is his conversation of completely levelheaded activity in the feeling of move ‘†¦ made by the specialist to be constitutive of living great.. . ‘ (G. Lawrence, Human Good and Human Function, p. 42). I feel that what Aristotle concieves here is a potential general structure to his hypothesis of the two domains of commonsense and beneficial sanity. Be that as it may, what of hypothetical idea? Lawrence recommends ‘.. . the political request of

Topic Nationalism Without A State Palestinian Nationalism Essay

Case Study/Topic Nationalism Without A State Palestinian Nationalism Essay Case Study/Topic: Nationalism Without A State: Palestinian Nationalism â€" Essay Example > This is the period recorded in history as the beginning of the nationalism struggle. This is the period where the Palestine resistance began and it was in constant war with the Jews. This period is also claimed to the huge stride taken by Palestine towards Nationalism. The first phase of the Palestinian nationalism is the Mandate period this was between 1918 when the Palestinian Arab national movements were beginning to gain strength and command over Jerusalem. During this period, the Arab club was formed by; Jaffa, Acre, Nablus, and Haifa. They were later joined by, Aref al-Aref and his brother Hajj Amin. It is at this period that the British Started arriving in this region Muslim and Christian association groups. These associations were formed in the major town, and the Palestine Arab Congress also put up their association in these towns. At this period, the Syrian-Arab-Nationalist movement was interested in Palestine taking up their nationalism however through the Faisal-Weizma nn Agreement this proposal was rejected. In the year 1919, the secret society Al-Kaff al-Sawada’ was founded however it later changed to al-Fida’iyya also known as the Self-Sacrifices. This group played a significant role in the discrete anti-Zionist and anti- British activities. The group was run by the al-Shanti and Al-Dajani while Ibrahim Hamman was the man in charge of ‘Isa al-Sifri training and development of the group’s secret code (The Palestinian national movement: politics of contention, 1967-2005 2006). The group was mainly based in Jaffa; however, it later shifted its headquarters to Nablus with Mahmud Aziz al-Khalidi managing its branch in Jerusalem. In April the same year, there were riots which bore rivalry between the Nashashibi and Husayn. This rivalry causes some long-term consequences to the Palestine nationalism. There was even greater pressure to the military administrator at that time from the Zionist leaders with calls for the then Jerusalem Mayor, Mo ussaKaiZZm to be dismissed. Due to the extent of the pressure, the Colonel stores demoted MoussaKaissm from his position and replaced him with Raghib. This move has a minimal impact on the co-religionist with civil administration remaining the puppet for the Zionist Organization (Zomlot, H. 2010). In the year 1921 The High Herbert Samuel the Commissioner of Palestine established a Supreme Muslim Sharia Council and pardoned Aref al-Aref and Hajj Amin. The SMC, therefore, had authority over all the Muslims sharia court and Waqfs. An electoral college was given the mandate to elect the Council members with Hajj Amin Councils president. Due to its powers, the Council was termed as a powerful political machine. Hajj Amin solely carried out most of the executive council duties and rarely delegated work to his juniors. However, nepotism and favoritism were evident on the council during Hajj Amin tenure. The politicization of the Wailing Wall took place during the British Mandate period. During these riots 133 Jews, 116 Palestinian Arabs, dead while another 339 were wounded. This led to the immerging of the Black Hand gang which was formed by Iz ad-Din al-Qassam he, however, died in a shootout. Later on, during this period, the Arab High Committee and the Nashashibis broke up. This led to the emergence of the Great Revolt which took place between the year 1936 to the year 1939 with the Palestine Arabs protesting against mass immigration of the Jews. The Palestine Arab part was also active I this revolt with its paper Al-Liwa’ edited by Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni. He was later forced to go to exile in Iraq where he participated in the Rashid Ali a-Galvan coup. In this period in the year 1940 al-Hawari a devoted follower of Hajj Amin broke ties with the Husayni family which was quite influential at that time. Al-Najjada Paramilitary scout movement then led a revolt with Muhammad Nimr al-Hawaii being the chief organizer. This revolt led to the great surge in the power sharing between the Palestine community and the Jews with the Palestine’s gaining more power and command over the Jews. Al-Qadir returned to Palestine in the year 1946 and led them to Army of Holy War moved to (AHW) in 1948. However, he was later killed in the war in a hand-to-hand fighting against Hagganah. This greatly dented his forces morale with Ghuri being appointed as the commander despite his lack of experience.

Implementing and Sustaining Social Movements - 275 Words

Implementing and Sustaining Social Movements (Essay Sample) Content: Implementing and Sustaining Social MovementsNameInstitutionDateOften, social movements are driven by the impetus of personal and emotional connection to the issue. Even with such forces, social movements are intricate and require more than emotional drive to implement. Soul of a citizen: Living with conviction in challenging times by Loeb describes highlights three social moments that were largely successful. First, there was the Martin Luther King racism social movement. Second, is the ad slate magazine by Microsoft social responsibility issues and third is the apartheid in South Africa where students asked companies from America to divest from companies doing business in the country (Loeb, 2010).Some of the factors that led to the start of these social movements include lack of social and political freedom and discrimination on basis of race for the case of Martin Luther King. For the case of Microsoft, there is lack of social responsibility where the magazine is no t clear on whether it is liberal or conservative. The South African case was a blend of discrimination based on race as well as lack of political freedom and unfavorable policies carried out by the foreign government (Loeb, 2010). The apartheid movement was largely successful despite the powerful forces that dictated the laws. One of the methods they used was to sabotage the economical aspect that supported the implementers of the unfavorable policies. This was done through urging government to divest from foreign companies in the country. Secondly, anti-apartheid students in America...

Plan of Action for Human Trafficking and Sexual Violence

Plan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking Abstract Human trafficking is a crime that without the proper direction will cost the human being the right to have freedom. Every person has the right to choose and not fall into being victimized by someone who is in the pursuit of indentured servitude. This billion-dollar industry is aiding the criminal acts such as drug trafficking and production, sexual assault, sexual rape (male or female), and most of all abuse and neglect of all the victims involved. Most people want to believe that human trafficking is non-existent and only happens to victims who are participating in any illegal enterprise. The ugly truth is that most people who have been trafficked did not know the ramifications†¦show more content†¦So everything needs to be evaluated to make sure they are not contributing to human trafficking and/or the death of the victim. When it comes to the labored help (farmhands, nannies, etc.), there should be a system in place that their living situations should be monitored. This c an be accomplished by being able to go to persons’ residence and/or job and have conversations with them just to let them know that if something goes wrong they have help. An estimated 2.5 million people are in forced labor (including sexual exploitation) at any given time as a result of trafficking (International Labour Organization). According to the United Nations compiled report, â€Å"In 2006 there were only 5,808 prosecutions and 3,160 convictions throughout the world† (United States State Department, 2007). This means that out of all the people that were being victimized, if you had 800 victims only one person was prosecuted. That number is absurd! So why is that so many people are not prosecuted for these heinous acts of crimes against a human? One reason is because when it comes to what is legal or nor changes depending on what part of the world one is in. What may be illegal here in the United States may be legal in other countries. In some countries, the law enforcement either condones or has a hand in human trafficking. â€Å"Corrupt police can become directly involved by helping create and shield a trafficking scheme or by colludin g with traffickers by alerting them toShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking : The United Nations Human Rights1162 Words   |  5 PagesQuin Smith and Colin Grande Federal Republic of Germany United Nations Human Rights Council The Athenian Academy Human Trafficking Quin Smith Intro Human trafficking is one of the biggest human rights issues facing our world today. This practice makes much money for those who traffic humans, and destroys the lives of its victims. Brothels have been legal in Germany since 2002, and it is no coincidence that Germany s largest brothel is just a few miles drive from the French border. ProstitutionRead MoreSex Trafficking And Sexual Exploitation1304 Words   |  6 Pages Sex trafficking is filled with a combination of those who willingly participate and with sex slaves. Like various countries, for years Nepal has been known for being home to a number of women in the sex trafficking business, and majority of Nepali prostitutes work in Indian brothels. In Nepal, sex trafficking helps to financially aid women; however, it increases the number of those with HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, and mental illnesses. Conversely, there are anti-trafficking movementsRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Defined As A Form Of Modern Slavery E ssay1563 Words   |  7 Pages1. According to the Department of Homeland Security, human trafficking is defined as a form of modern slavery, in which victims are often either forced, coerced, or fooled by false promises for the purposes of labor or sexual exploitation (citation). Human trafficking has continued to flourish in the 21st century due largely to globalization, natural disasters and crises, and the lack of a united effort to address this issue. Globalization has enabled traffickers to contact interested parties worldwideRead MoreEssay about Human Trafficking in the United Kingdom1457 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is not just a part of our history; it is continuously growing around the world today because of traffickers who are using it as an easy way to make a profit. Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or make a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men from time to time are taken before they get the opportunity to receive little ifRead MoreThe Ongoing Trial of Human Trafficking Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pages Human trafficking is not just a part of our history; it is continuously growing around the world today because of traffickers who are using it as an easy way to make a profit. Victims of human trafficking feel as if they have no way to escape because they have limited ways to survive or make a good enough living to support themselves along with their families outside of the sex industry. Women, children and even men are taken from time to time before they get the opportunity to receive little ifRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, harbouring and/ or exercising control, direction or influence over the movements of a person in order to exploit that person, typ ically through sexual exploitation or forced labour† (Public Safety Canada, 2015). It is also called a modern form of slavery. According to one estimate about 2.4million people around the globe are trafficked annually (Golbya, Sian Hsiang-Te Zacharias, 2015). In Canada alone, currently, 56 human trafficking casesRead MoreShould Adult Prostitution Be Legalized?1262 Words   |  6 PagesShould adult prostitution be legalized in the United States? Prostitution is defined as the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment, (1). Prostitution to this definition is illegal in 109 countries and legal in 77, yet America doesn t fit into either of these categories. America is one of 11 countries where prostitution is restricted, however, this label can be quite misleading. American prostitution is only legal in 11 rural Nebraska counties and is completelyRead MoreHuman Exploitation And Exploitation Of The United States, Canada, And Western Europe1702 Words   |  7 Pages Mexico is a Tier 2 source, transit, and destination country. It’s primary forms of trafficking are sexual exploitation and forced labor. Men, women, and children are trafficked, but the most vulnerable populations are indigenous peoples, migrants, mentally and physically disables, and LGBT individuals. Victims are forced into labor in the agriculture, domestic, manufacturing, food processing, construction, begging, and stre et vending services. Many victims are lured by fraudulent recruiters, possibilityRead MoreUtilitarianism, Deontology, And Virtue Ethics1586 Words   |  7 Pagesan ethical epidemic that is plaguing this world and it is called Human Trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime that violates common human rights by trading humans and forcing them to complete acts of coerced labor, or sex slavery. It is the 2nd largest criminal operation in the world next to the drug cartel and it is done to make money off these innocent lives (Ottisova, 2016). The illegal trade and exploitation of human beings for forced labor, prostitution and reproductive favors isRead MoreHuman Tracfficking as a Global Health Issue Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pages (Free the Slaves, 2013) These are men, women, and children living under horrid conditions, stripped of all human rights. Included in that number are one million children that are exploited by the global sex trade every year. In the United States t here is an estimated number of 50,000 foreign nationals being trafficked in every year and 400,000 domestic minors involved in this trafficking. (Dovydaitis, 2009) These are alarming numbers and something must be done to fight this modern day slavery.

How Same Sex Marriage Affects Society - 1469 Words

How Same-Sex Marriage Affects Society â€Å"In the year of 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act became a federal law. The act restricted federal marriage benefits and inter-state marriage recognition to heterosexual couples only. Gay advocates have been lobbying to remove those restrictions and redefine marriage to include same sex and bisexual adults arguing that accepting gay marriage would not harm heterosexual marriage and that religious restrictions on marriage are biased† (English). â€Å"About 18,000 is the number of gay couples that got married in California during the window when it was legal† (Press) for 142 days before the gay marriage legalization was banned due to citizens of the state voting for Proposition 8. Americans claim to have†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A lot of the objections on gay marriage are based upon religious beliefs and misinterpretations of some religious texts. The Bible and Quran both have negative passages that have been interpre ted to mean that gay marriage is seen as sinful behavior and it’s not proper in the eyes of God and that is where a lot of the hysteria around same-sex marriage is rooted in the beliefs and misinterpretations due to very few lines of texts†, Em Elliot from Georgia Equality states as she explains why she thinks gay marriage is so looked down upon in Church. What Elliot states is on the verge of being true but can well be false in the eyes of true supporters of gay marriage. Many churches see gay marriage as sinful because that is what churches make people think. Not only that, but churches also try to persuade that â€Å"gay marriage is not supported by religion† (Olympia), that, however, may be a true statement, but every thing that does not follow someone’s standpoint is considered a sin. Churches express how negative two men and two women marrying each other are but don’t take the time to study that a same-sex couple’s lives have nothing to do with the Church. The Church is in existence to make people’s beliefs have meaning; to give them something to believe in, but preaching that gay marriage is harmful is the true negative

How Accountants Act As Business Advisors - 978 Words

This paper examines how accountants act as business advisors to small businesses, causing them to have a lower risk of failure and higher growth rate than those who do not. The research findings of Barbera, Hasso, and Rajavel were extremely helpful in supporting this thesis. Dr. Rajavel studied failing or failed businesses in an â€Å"economically resourceful† set of islands in the Bay of Bengal. He published a journal article based on his findings entitled â€Å"A Study on Causes for Business Failure: An Empirical Analysis†. While his writing mainly discussed the causes of business failure, he also advises entrepreuners to seek the help of those professionals necessary to prevent their problems (2013). Francesco Barbara and Tim Hasso elaborate on the lack of previous research into the importance of an accountant, especially in the small family-owned sector. They compared 2,004 of these in the Business Longitudinal Survey (BLS) of Australia and found the majority to cur rently or previously use an outside accountant. They compare young businesses to old and confirm the advisors who get to know their clients help younger companies gain stability and help older companies increase growth (2013). With such limited research in this area, these researchers play a key role in the information provided within. After studying 2,004 family firms, researchers Barbera and Hasso stated: â€Å"of all family SMEs (small-medium enterprises), nearly 89% have used an external accountant.† This has shownShow MoreRelatedBusiness And Tax Strategies With The Right Accountant1256 Words   |  6 PagesFinding the Right Accountant Curating Your Business and Tax Strategies with the Right Accountant Choosing the right accountant can seriously impact your taxes, ability to build wealth and your lifestyle. Creative accounting can offer you and your family a better life, provide for retirement and shelter income so that you can earn more money with pretax income. Choosing an accountant is critical for getting the maximum return from your business and investments. Choosing an accountant often results inRead MoreMy Professional Field Is Accounting Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesis accounting, I’ve been working as accountant nearly 10 years now. My carrier start as assistant of accountant. To become â€Å"Accountant† I took long way to come. First of all I started study book keeping certificate, it’s challenging for me. Working and study hard wasn’t easy, took me two years to take the certificate. Afterward, I joined accounting firm. At the accounting firm, I met Tax accountants as my managers. They did brilliant job, I couldn’t believe how they can handle that much amount ofRead MoreAccountant Role In Business Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages11/11/2017 Marta Silva â€Å"Are Management Accountants Important Strategic Partners in Corporate America’s Management teams? Despite the great stride in efforts made by the financial industry in the last twenty years, many still view management accountants as they were in the 1980s; the ‘scorekeeper’, the ‘corporate cop’, sitting in their cubicles running numbers from dusk to dawn. However, in the modern era accountants have started taking on new roles in corporations, becoming strategic plannersRead MoreAccounting Methods Used By Ancient Egyptians For Inventory Purposes1994 Words   |  8 PagesAccountants are trusted and respected all around the world. After all, this profession has been around for many years; there is proof that accounting methods were used by ancient Egyptians for inventory purposes. The accounting profession has many certifications; one of them is Certified Public Accountant, also known by its acronym, CPA. By far, the one with the most advantages is CPA because it is required by almost any accounting firm, provides mobility across the industry, and pro vides betterRead MoreThe Ethical Guidelines Provided By The Cima Provides Different Conflict Resolutions1143 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional figure or a legal advisor without breaching the fundamental principles of confidentiality. The Code of Ethical Conduct of the IMA provides these following conflict resolutions for organizations with conflicts in policies and resolutions. The organizations should approach their immediate supervisors and then if the problem is not resolved they should go to the next hierarchal supervisor that has some knowledge of the situation and can proved some insight on how to handle the situation. 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The Gay Science A Modern Critique Of Science - 1621 Words

The Gay Science: A Modern Critique of Science Bertrand Russell wrote about Nietzsche in A History of Western Philosophy, â€Å"He invented no new technical theories in ontology or epistemology; his importance is primarily in ethics, and secondarily as an acute historical critic.† (Russell 760) If The Gay Science is read as a true prescription for how science should be done, the majority of Nietzsche’s sections seem unrelated; there is no clear way too see how these sections speak to what is commonly understood as science. However, there exist a fair number of sections in this book that seem to speak directly on the common understanding of science about how it should be conducted, including the many missteps it has taken leading up to the writing of The Gay Science. When reading these sections closely, Nietzsche’s writing reflects many strikingly modern understandings of science. Many of these modern understandings and philosophies of science inferred from the text are from very different points in time and represent distinct philosophies of science, but they all have an underlying theme of positivism, subjectivism, and social constructivism. In certain sections The Gay Science should be read as a serious critique of scientific practice; a critique that should be taken seriously, even among modern sociologists and philosophers of science. If The Gay Science is to be read in this way, contrary to Bertrand Russell’s opinion, Nietzsche has much to say about the ontological import ofShow MoreRelatedMonotheistic religions, especially Judaism, Christianity, and Islam promote the belief in One God;1600 Words   |  7 Pagesguide us through life. In turn, humans should embody the moral goodness and excellence that is revealed to us by God . These religions are taught based upon both scripture and reason. 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Fuzzy logic in car safty Free Essays

Car safety issues are wide-reaching problem. This problem is mainly due to human driving which involves reaction times, delays, and Judgment errors that may affect traffic flow and cause accidents. In some cases, the cause of the accident is distraction on the part of the driver and failure to react in time. We will write a custom essay sample on Fuzzy logic in car safty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even in some cases, it could be cause by environmental factors (Song, 2005). Advanced system of auxiliary functions has been developed to help avoid such accident and minimize the effects of collision should one occur. Fuzzy logic provides tools for dealing with imprecision, which is fundamental to many engineering problems. The level of safety in our society could be archived by applying fuzzy logic control system. Fuzzy logic control technique has become an active area of research in the application of industrial processes, which are not friendly to straight control techniques. It attempts to emulate human mind for checking the processes parameters and to take decisions regarding the control action (Eugene, 1985). Fuzzy control become a huge industry in Japan and other countries where it was adapted into home appliances such as scum cleaners, microwaves ovens, video cameras, washing machines, etc. A fuzzy controller acts or regulates by means of rules in a more or less natural language, based on the distinguishing feature: fuzzy logic. On the other hand, to reduce car accidents we are going to examine a system, which makes the drivers, pay more attention and alert them before an accident takes place. Because of this, we shall acknowledge the digital systems because they are easier to handle with, so the first thing in the development is to convert all variations in the car environment into digital signals without any changes. The ultrasonic transmitter circuit sends its vibrations in front of car, when these vibrations reflected the ultrasonic receiver circuit would take these vibrations and amplify it. Moreover, send it to the microelectronic, which can compute the distance between the car and anything in front it (as shown in the figure 1 below). At the same time, the Infrared ‘R) circuit senses the round of the wheel and sends it signal to the microelectronic, which can compute the car speed. After that, the microelectronic sends the output signal to the speaker and The LCD. In addition, of these output devices the microelectronic sends output data to a personal computer using the serial port. Figure 1: Overview of the used hardware; copied figure (from Journal of Computer science 4 (1 2): 1061-1063, 2008]) We shall consider developing level of safety under three steps, which are: Defining level of safety Calculating each degrees of risk between two vehicles, and Combining these degrees to level of safety with average speeds in some divisions (Method et al, 2001). In the other hand, to ascertain the danger degrees of each car, and the base elements, fuzzy sets and their membership functions, are define by using survey data and degrees of risk (Chunk, 2003). In addition, if-then rules of inference engine are made by rou gh set theory. Conclusively, to get the level of safety in some divisions, fuzzy membership function values of each safety result is averaged, and a method to et ‘Level of Safety based on these degrees relates with an average of safety speeds is suggested. Definition of Level of Safety Safety being a wide-reaching problem, has gained various definitions from several authors. The level of safety in a road division means the grades, which people feel about the possibility to experience, rear-end collision including relentlessness in the division (Song, 2003). This definition is composed of three elements related with roads in themselves, driving behaviors in this road, and relation between drivers and roads. These three factors are mix in microscopic driving behaviors on roads, and five gyroscopic traffic condition variables are selected such as velocity and acceleration of lead and following cars, and the gap distance between these cars divided the minimum safety distance (Method et al, 2001). The minimum safety distance (MS) is the distance that following car needs to avoid a rear-end collision. The traffic condition in itself can be included into velocity, drivers’ behaviors are able to be included into oscillations of accelerations in every two seconds, and degree of risk in the system can explain the gap distance divided the minimum safety distance (MS). Where, : following Car speed Response time : Possible deceleration rate However, these results are not level of safety but risk degrees of two Cars (Fuller, 2005). Definition of Fuzzy Sets and Membership Function The member functions are divided into speed fuzzy sets and acceleration fuzzy sets (Method et al, 2001). Speed fuzzy sets are composed of three sets, ‘high speed’, ‘medium speed’, and ‘low speed’. Their membership functions are based on macroscopic traffic condition data and number of accident. Acceleration fuzzy sets also consist of three sets, ‘positive acceleration’, ‘no acceleration’, and ‘negative acceleration’, and membership functions, which are based on microscopic field, survey data and maximum and common acceleration rates of vehicles. The gap distance/MS sets are divided into three fuzzy sets, ‘more than 1’, ‘around 1’, and ‘less than 1’ using microscopic data. The combined danger degrees are about from 0. 4 to 0. 55 that corresponds to common situation defined in fuzzy set, and this result means that people drives more or less safely bearing some anger because there are possibility to happen accidents in traffic condition in itself but drivers believe that they can response properly to a danger situation. Moreover, this result shows that there are some danger situations n each two vehicle, but in road divisions, the danger degrees become normalized. Figure 3: Relation between Speed and Danger Degrees For this reason, ‘Level of Safety should not include the combined danger degree directly, and should be deducted from relationship between speeds as well as danger degrees. In order to find their relation, pairs of average speed and danger degree are, shown in figure 3. We find that danger degrees are low in low speed level and high in fast speed level, and the level of change is not high in low and rapid speed situations. However, in medium speed case, danger degrees are increase vapidly, and there are two points of inflection. If danger degrees do not change rapidly, drivers would react properly because their expectations to the road conditions are fixed, but if they change fast, the situation on a road division would be dangerous because the expectation of drivers cannot be fix. Consequently, the simple possibility of accidents depends on the grades of change in danger degrees, and the severity depends on the quantity of danger degrees. Conclusively, this seminar suggests ‘Level of Safety such as in Figure 4. First, range of Level of Safety in which relentlessness and possibility of accident is high is defined as Very dangerous situation’, E. Similarly, that of range which relentlessness or possibility is high is suggested as ‘dangerous situation’, D, and which relentlessness and possibility is usual as ‘common situation’, C, and which possibility is low and relentlessness is high as ‘safe situation’, B, and which possibility and relentlessness is low as Very safe situation’, A, these are shown in Table 3 below. Finally, relation of danger degrees and average speeds develops the intercepts of each level of safety, UT it needs to be more precisely define by further study based on more investigation. Table 3: Level of Safety Definition The possibility The severity The range(km/hrs) Very safe -18 c 25-40 (or) High 18-25, 40-53 53-63 Figure 4: copied figure (from [Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies]) 8. 0 CONCLUSION This seminar work shows how the system provides a solution to decrease the car accidents by giving the drivers more time to avoid the accidents. Adjusting the sensitivity and the accuracy for the measuring circuits is important to ensure that the assured parameters represent its actual values. The use of microelectronic makes it possible to implement the system with less hardware components. The microelectronic, FISTICUFF was chosen among all the other microelectronics because of its low-cost and small size. In addition, we evaluated safety degrees on a road division, and suggest ‘Level of safety. The method to develop ‘Level of Safety from degrees of danger and combined using fuzzy theory, and we combined danger degrees to define level of service with average speeds. This is the first trial to define How to cite Fuzzy logic in car safty, Papers

Human Resource Management Top Strategies and Decision Makers

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Top Strategies and Decision Makers. Answer: Introduction HR leaders have found a place at the table along with their companies top strategies and decision makers. The report sums up important decisions among HR professionals who have acknowledged its validity to pause and wonder. Since they have fought to change the professionalism, today smart companies do have a place for HR at the table. HR now faces challenges living up to utmost expectations. They seek in identifying and advocating for the people related business decisions (Bratton Gold, 2012). Again the impact of Human Resource Management has a tremendous impact upon the growth especially in todays global competitive market. In todays scenario the importance of learning in business has reflected the theories like learning organizations and knowledge management. Considering about the rapid environmental changes it is thus necessary for employees in obtaining the relative compatibility with changes and maintaining the employee satisfaction through frequent engage to learning and teach ing experiences. There we can find that achieving knowledge is a competitive advantage and employee training and so attention should be paid to each employees abilities. Since a learning organization is a company and deploys the capacity to learn, change and embrace the culture thus enabling every employees to acquire in a continuous manner and sharing of knowledge (Ulrich, 2013). Now organization development is necessary and involves the process of improving organizations effectiveness and employees wellbeing. It has to focus at both the macro and micro levels. HRD thus plays the role of change agent. Various roles and strategic are provisioned for HR and includes consulting with corporate strategic thinkers, help articulating goals and developing HR plans. This report basically deals with the development strategic planning to education and training programs. Here the developer develops more efficient work teams, improves the quality of management, implements the intervention strategies and develops change in reports (Ulrich, 2013). In case of learning programs the HR leaders take initiates in identifying needs of the learners, develop and design materials and other learning aids. It also helps to develop program objectives, take lessons plans and strategies where the facilitator presents learning materials, leads with structured learning experiences through the use of instructional methods and techniques. As a result for the performance management enrichment HR advices the line management over appropriate interventions to improve individual and group performance thus it provides intervention strategies (Purce, 2014). Through the addressing of HRD practices and programs it determines them effectively for changing the current and future problems. In the above process there are lot challenges for HRD and needs a lifelong learning for competing in global economy in order to change the workforce demographics. Important Actionsa HR Human resources professional understands the realities of todays work environment. Learning from them would involve a wide range of complex responsibilities and strategic activities which are central to help achieve a successful organizational climate. Taking an interactive learning program from HR developers brings you into a real world unto the day-to-day situation of your studies (Purce, 2014). These respected HR professionals allow you to network providing a hands-on, interactive, experiential learning. This in every scope of knowledge leads to business endorsement and gaining practical understanding of the matters in and around the organization. There are various techniques needed to build effective teams through empowering individuals. There is also a need for development and monitoring of human resource regulations which would address the new development as per the employment law. Management resource is necessary to know about the organizational development policies and development. These are most preferably designs processed for professionals who do the duties of training and development management (Storey, 2014). Training and development involves planning, directing and coordinating programs enhancing the knowledge and skills of the organizations employees. The manager oversees the staff of training and development specialists. The managers do the following: Assessing the employees need for training Creating and managing the training budget and ensure that operations are done within budget. Make best use of the available resources through developing and implementing the training programs Updating of training programs that ensures that they are currently been established. Overseeing creations educational materials like online learning modules. Reviewing of training materials from a variety of vendors and selecting it along with the appropriate content Teaching of training methods and skills for instructing and supervising Evaluating of effectiveness and training programs Company wants promoting of productive and knowledgeable workforce in order in staying competitive. Training and development mangers work to align with the ease to meet organization goals. The managers also oversee all training programs, staffs and budgets and organize training programs that includes creating and selecting course content along with materials (Jiang et al, 2012). This training is in the form of a video, self-guided instructional manual being delivered through computer, tablets or hand held electronic type devices. The session is collaborative with employees being informally connecting the experts, mentors and colleagues. They ensure the training methods, software, systems, content and other equipment to get appropriate and meaningful. Now this training and development have authorization over staffs of training and development specialists like an instructional program developers, instructors or designers. They teach having various training techniques and methods to specialists. The function also includes directing the daily activities of specialists and evaluating their effectiveness. In order to enhance the employees skills and help building the overall quality work of an organization, the training and development managers confer with each departments manager so as to identify the needs of training. Usually they work with top executives and financial officers and help identifying the matched priorities aiming taking into matter the organization goals. Apart from it they also prepare the training budgets while ensuring that the expenses to must stay within budget (Mello, 2014). Employee while their training comes across variety of learning and development opportunities which includes: courses, seminars, sessions over learning calendar, special projects, leadership development program. Job shadowing, acting opportunities, developmental transfer assignments, workshops and seminars, leading team meetings, dealing with dissatisfied customer and working with colleagues for redesigning of work process. Coordinator develops, design and facilitates variety of Human Resources and organizational developmental training programs. HR developer as a coordinator conducts the needs assessment for training and staff development to help enhance the effectiveness of employee performance in achieving the objectives and goals. They also facilitates programs concerning soft skills, policy, technology and be responsible for the statistical and financial reporting of ongoing training course of action. Oversees training records and manage the destruction and storage as per the organization schedules thus assisting with developing and coordinating training contract proposals. They include the use of vendor agencies for facilitators and external presenters whenever necessary (Renwick, Redman Maguire, 2013). At every levels employees must work together in order to meet the needs of the community and the organization. This must be done through work behaviours and demonstrating the values. Employees also put their expectations to lead and demonstrate to the highest level of building standards and ethics (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). Relationship Between Organisational Development (OD) and HRDs' Strategic Human Resources Managers have increasingly taken lead in the organizational change activities. On the belief of self-renewal, HRD and OD have sought to build flexible and adaptable capability for both the individual and organization. Since HR has shifted from tea and tissue reputation to demand a seat at the table with strategic functions which seeks after becoming further strategic, commercial, professional and proactive. But this shifting requires HR practitioners in delivering a short termed functional activity thereby equipping the organization in long term performance sustainability through its people. This shift shows the expansion of HR agenda so as to include every aspect of people that process to deliver the organizations effectiveness. This include involving the right people, the right leadership, the right culture, the right change management, right people process and right organization design. Here we find few activities that are the Organization Development (OD) threads and include: strategic organization system alignment, high performance culture development, and change management, long term perspective and capability development. Therefore we find a number of things common for HR and OD. They utilize system to work together supporting the organization to pursue the long term sustainable performance. Again since the HR takes upon increasingly transformational role, the OD will enable HR to perform certain functions these are: work on organization design, analyse and improve over organizations health, design and deliver development and learning interventions, support transformation, keep the organization fit and healthy to challenge in future (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). Figure 1: Framework Source: (Budhwar Debrah, 2013) HR delivers effective OD through the line managers as being the primary practitioner for developing the organization. The leader must hold the custodian role for improving organization health/ performance and safeguarding. HR also needs a close working association with the senior leaders thus to turn them into commissioner those can diagnose and know their impact to improve the organization health and appreciate like an organization human system. HR needs an assurance about leadership capabilities that are not only transactional. Leaders require adding the ability to interpret the data to form effective, delineate organization and manage the environment. They have to make sure of the organization relevance that is aligned to organization (Kehoe Wright, 2013). They stand sufficiently to understand the human dynamic situation making sure of the robust process existing to inspire people within the organization. Thus the leaders make sure of the organization internal capability and by matching their strategic ambition. Human Resource Management improves the skills, knowledge thus increasing the value of the employee in the organization. It is the managers responsibility and HRD to change in the organization and meet its future goal. Many at times, they create this new Organizational Development (OD) department and accelerate the change by moving management and resources for giving a specific work. In any way this changing type affect people that why the HR development specialist often get involved in OD (Kehoe Wright, 2013). But however Human Resource Development and Organization Development cannot be regarded as one thing. Some Debates on the Notion of the Learning Organisation This paper gives insights to assessment for learning being drawn from recent analysis. It begins from the author describing a learning organization where employees expertly build, gain and share knowledge. Within a learning organization there is specific learning processes and practices and supportive and the leader encourages and promotes learning. Training and development work and the work of assessment and evaluation of performance need to be brought in to the light of conceptual models of organization learning. The learning brings to the degree and represents the mental models and aspiration of clients and self. That means the goals and objectives of this training and development assumptions are made about the place within the organization to be reassessed (Gatewood, Field Barrick, 2015). Otherwise the entire scope comes in to a more complex favour need a thorough discussion as the point of change. Here two changes in perspective are important that involves shifting from individual learning and performance with focus to team learning and the other involving shifting in the balance between process and outcome factors (Hoque, 2013). Now the learning organization is thoroughly concerned to both this process and outcome factors. Scoring in the Learning Organization This is the instrument that allows individual for examining the rate of learning going on within an organization. This is been divided in three key categories: supportive learning, assesses psychological safety, openness to new ideas, environment and assess experimentation, information transfer, education and learning, analysis and concrete learning processes and practices (Buller McEvoy, 2012). Here the final section depicts over examining leadership in the organization that determines and reinforces the learning behaviour. Formative Assessment in the Learning Organization This assessment focuses upon achieving goals instead of determining the goal objectives. This helps in clarifying learning goals and standards both for the employee staffs and trainees. The teaching and learning methodology are based upon these standards where the trainer gives frequent and substantive feedback about the level of progress pointing to their strengths and areas of their improvement. Thus they move closer to the learning process working primarily on quality in relation to standards. In other wards formative assessment makes goals and standards transparent through providing clear assessment criteria. It also provides feedbacks that are comprehensive, relevant and actionable and emphasizing to the learning outcomes (Flamholtz, 2012). It also closes the gap between the need about employees knowledge and their desired outcomes through the valuable diagnostic information accessed by generating informative data. The areas where the formative assessment can be applied are at school and policy levels so as to identify the improvement areas thereby promoting effective and constructive cultures for evaluation through education system. Formative assessment promotes the goals of lifelong learning with greater equity of outcomes, improved learning to learn skills and including higher level of achievement (Alfes et al, 2013). Summative Assessment in the Learning Organization The summative assessment is shown in a periodically manner and is useful in determining the knowledge of learners or trainees. Many associate in summative assessment use standardized tests like the state assessment and also use in the classroom programs. This serves as important measure that is generally used in place of grading process. This consists of long list but few of it examples included are: state assessment, interim assessment, scores that are used for accountability. Key statement over here is to calculate at any certain point the time student learning content standards relatives (Kehoe Wright, 2013). Even if this information is gleaned from this type of assessment it helps in evaluating the few aspects of the learning process. Summative assessment happens too far leading to the learning path and providing information at the classroom level. This makes an instructional adjustment and intervention at the time of the learning process. It also takes the formative assessment task in order to accomplish it. Again there are many classroom instructional strategies that form the part of good teaching. For the purpose of gathering information they apply this information in both formative and summative way (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). The distinction paves what is actually taught and how its being used to inform instruction, its shares and engaging the learners. Conclusion In the concluded statement the objective of this report was to broadly examine the mechanism of human resource development needed to be implemented as per the regulations and budget. Now Human Resource Development focuses on matching the needs of the business within the employee development focus. It depends upon the people because of their skills that contribute in achieving the business objectives (Budhwar Debrah, 2013). As known the HRD satisfies the companys requirement working on the basis of human skills, motivation and professional skills. This development converts each and every employment for the mechanism of the company. It works with the notion that advantages are brought by strong employees so that HRD would provide a strong personnel representative thus improving the results in its activity. It also reveals the complicated system intentions that would had led to motivation, compensation and development. This report is merely interpreted for managers to understand the frameworks and practical applications for a new strategic human development. It also provides a better understanding to the concepts and ideas concerning contemporary practices, various important actions of HR developer and about its managing the learning program involvement (Buller McEvoy, 2012). It again gives a thorough explanation to organization effectiveness, productivity and employees working life in a means of discussion the relation between Organization Development and Human Resource Development. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bennett, J.M. and Ho, D.S., 2014. Human resource management. InPROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR ENGINEERS(pp. 231-249). Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P. and Van Wart, M.R., 2015.Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage Publications. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. and Morley, M. eds., 2016.New Challenges for European Resource Management. Springer. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013.Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Flamholtz, E.G., 2012.Human resource accounting: Advances in concepts, methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Gatewood, R., Feild, H.S. and Barrick, M., 2015.Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Hoque, K., 2013.Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), pp.1264-1294. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H., Valentine, S.R. and Meglich, P., 2016.Human resource management. Nelson Education. Mello, J.A., 2014.Strategic human resource management. Nelson Education. Mondy, R. and Martocchio, J.J., 2016. Human resource management.Human Resource Management, Global Edition. Nickson, D., 2013.Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Oke, L., 2016. Human Resources Management.International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) ISSN 2356-5926,1(4), pp.376-387. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14. Riley, M., 2014.Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge. Storey, J., 2014.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Ulrich, D., 2013.Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press.

Ocr Health and Social Care free essay sample

You will take the following modules: Care practice and provision – meeting service user needs, multidisciplinary teams, promotion of quality assurance by services, legislation. Anatomy and physiology in practice – respiratory system, cardio-vascular system, digestive system, reproductive system, renal system and musculo – skeletal system. Child development – patterns of development, influencing factors, theories of play, how to plan and make a learning aid for a child. The anatomy and physiology module will be exam assessed. The others will be portfolio assessed. General Hints and Tips * Back up all coursework – do not rely on one computer/ memory stick to keep files on. * Put page numbers on coursework – they are needed for marking! * Refer to texts used throughout your writing. * Bring this booklet to all lessons where you are likely to work on coursework. * Hand in coursework on time and do not leave completion until the last minute. * Bring in coursework as you go along if you are unsure that you are working on the right lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocr Health and Social Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have exemplar coursework (both excellent and very bad) which you are welcome to look at for ideas/ guidance. Care Practice and Provision During this module you will learn about: * Meeting the needs of service users at a local level. * How servicers and practitioners meet individual needs. * Ways in which practitioners within services work in multi-disciplinary teams. * How quality assurance is promoted by services. * Effects of national policy and legislation on care practice and provision. * Conducting a survey relating to quality assurance. This module is portfolio assessed. Coursework You need to produce an investigation to show how demographic factors influence the provision of health, social care and early years services in the local area, illustrating how two different local services meet the needs of one service user. AO1 Marks: 10 What do I need to do? Choose two demographic influences which have influenced the organisation and provision of services in the local area from the following: †¢ Health needs †¢ Disability †¢ Age of populations †¢ Unemployment †¢ Numbers of single parent families †¢ The number of older people in the population. Research your two chosen demographic influences using the internet, National Trends, local information sources. Write a factual account of the stages in local planning of services which includes information about: * How local plans are produced. * How demographic characteristics/trends are used to assess local needs * The ways in which services are commissioned * A description of the involvement of local stakeholders who contribute to the plan * The influence of national and local targets * How local services are organised (look at them nationally, locally and internally). The processes of monitoring and evaluating service provision. Describe ways in which national and local standards, targets and objectives may influence planning (you can include this when showing how plans are produced. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 4 marks Candidates select two demographic factors which have influenced the planning and provision of services; candidates use written expression which uses appropriate specialist vocabulary to comprehensively describe how relevant demographic characteristics/trends are used to assess local needs and inform the planning and provision of services. 3 marks they produce a comprehensive description of the planning of services. * 3 marks- they give a comprehensive explanation of the influence of national and local standards, targets and objectives on the planning and provision of services. AO2 Choose one national policy or piece of legislation on care practice which relates to the service user and services. Explain the impact that it has had. You must evaluate its effectiveness from the following: (i) The service user’s perspective (ii) The practitioners (iii) And/or the services. You must: * Identify the strengths and weaknesses * Make reasoned j udgments Draw valid conclusions of the effects. You do not have to relate the legislation to the service user in the case study, but may choose to. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 4 marks candidates accurately and independently apply in-depth knowledge and understanding to give a comprehensive explanation of the impact of one national policy or piece of legislation on care practice and provision; * 6 marks candidates give a comprehensive explanation of the impact from two different perspectives, e. g. from the viewpoint of the person who uses services, the practitioner and/or the service. Possible Coursework Layout * Basic outline of the legislation. * Implications on case study and whether the law has a positive or negative effect * Effect of the law on service providers AO3 You should pick two quality assurance mechanisms (they can be the same for each service) used by two services (ideally relevant to your case study). The following is a list of possible quality assurance mechanisms: improving information and consultation with service users, e. g. ‘Your Guide to the NHS; implementing quality-service standards, e. g. National Service Frameworks; using performance measures, e. g. Star Ratings’; improving registration and inspection procedures; evaluating the quality of services experienced by users, e. g. through surveys such as the Patient’s Survey; rewarding good practice, e. g. the Charter Mark; developing procedures for complaints and providing opportunities for suggestions from service users and staff; raising the training levels within the s ector. * Carry out research to investigate the quality assurance systems used by the services. Your research methods could include any from the following list, but you must use both primary and secondary sources: * Questioning practitioners Questioning service users * Interviews * Surveys * Observation of practice * Organisational documents * Publications * Textbooks * Internet. Give reasons for the research techniques you have chosen to use (either when discussing the information gathered or as an appendix). Step by Step Guide * Choose two quality assurance mechanisms (evaluating quality of services and improving information and consultation with service users are recommended). * Choose two services you would like to research. Choose methods of research – you must use some primary research e. g. questionnaire, interviews. Keep it simple. You do not have to gather the same research for each service but this may help you later on. Remember that you will need to justify your methods. * Carry out your research. * You should find out about the methods of quality assurance – which do they use and how useful do they find the different methods? How do they gather the information and how do they use this information? E. g. using patient comment cards might flag up an issue with reception layout which they can then alter. * Write a description of the quality assurance methods you have found out about. Analyse them using the information you have gathered. Justify why each mechanism is used. Are there any disadvantages with using these methods? Is one mechanism more suited to one of your care settings than another? * Justify your research methods. Why did you use each method? How useful and accurate are they? You can either justify these methods throughout your essay or as an appendix at the end. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * 6 marks Candidates undertake research using a wide range of appropriate primary and secondary sources of information, e. g. andidates collected primary evidence through interviews, surveys or observation and secondary evidence via the internet, organisational documents and publications. * 9 marks candidates use the information gathered to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the quality assurance mechanisms used by two services; an in-depth analysis, with a range of appropriate examples, of a wide range of quality assurance mechanisms used by two services is evident. Possible Coursework Layout * Introduction. * Service one – 2 methods – advantages and disadvantages of each, why used etc. Service two – 2 methods – advantages and disadvantages of each, why used etc. * Why each research method was used. * Bibliography AO4 Prepare questions to use to gather information from practitioners who work in two different services which provide care for your chosen service user. Make sure you identify the needs of the service user and relate this to PIES. Visit the services to gather the information you need and/or research from books and the internet. Explain the approaches used by practitioners working in the two services from the following: * Preventative and treatment The holistic approach * The empowerment approach * The behavioral approach. Use the two approaches to explain and analyse how practitioners meet the needs of the service user. You should include information about the purpose of individual care assessments and plans used in meeting the needs of the service user. Explain how practitioners work in multi-disciplinary teams to meet the needs of the service user. Use examples to highlight the information provided. Evaluate how well working in a multi disciplinary team benefits the s ervice user. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) 5 marks- Candidates provide a comprehensive evaluation, making reasoned judgments and drawing valid conclusions about the approaches used by practitioners working in two different services; candidates use the approaches to give a comprehensive analysis of how practitioners meet the needs of the person who uses services; * 4 marks- a comprehensive analysis, using a range of appropriate examples, of how practitioners work in partnership is evident. * 6 marks- candidates apply in-depth knowledge, understanding and skills to comprehensively evaluate how working in partnership benefits people who use services. Case Study Adam is a 19 year old student. He has just finished his A levels and is going to start university. His family and friends have noticed that he has been fairly withdrawn recently and his personal hygiene is deteriorating. He spends long periods of time in his room and will not socialise with his friends. Initially his mother persuaded him to see his GP and he was given mild antidepressants but then the situation got much worse and Adam attempted to take his own life. He was sectioned under the Mental Health Act and admitted to a local mental health unit. He spent three weeks there after being diagnosed with schizophrenia. During his time at the unit he spent time sorting his medication out and coming to terms with his diagnosis. He has since been discharged and is now under the care of adult community care services for adults. In the town where Adam lives, the local NHS and Social Services have merged to form an NHS and Social Care Trust. AO1 Generic – requires candidates to look at two local demographic characteristics and show how these influence service provision (10. 2. 1). The 2 required could relate to your case study. Which organizations are involved in planning and delivering services in your area? How are service users’ needs identified and met? Identify the stages undertaken at local planning level, i. e. how plans are produced, the role of stakeholders. Who would be involved in the planning? How do they monitor and evaluate the planning process? AO2 Adam will need to have his needs identified (PIES), e. g. physical – schizophrenia medication, intellectual – getting him back into study, emotional – helping him to come to terms with his diagnosis, social – rebuilding relationships/friendships. Identify the two different services he will be using, i. e. community psychiatric nurse/consultant psychiatrist and a social worker. Describe how each practitioner meets Adam’s needs. What approaches does each utilise? For example, the merging of the two trusts gives a more holistic approach to Adam’s treatment and the social worker may look at the empowerment approach so that Adam feels that he is making decisions about his care, etc. How do the practitioners work in multi-disciplinary teams, e. g. care assessments, individual care plans, how often are these reviewed, how they link with the Inpatient unit Adam was in, etc. AO3 Candidates need to find out what quality assurance mechanisms each of the services use. For example, look on the NHS website for star rating of the NHS and Social Care trust or do day services have feedback mechanisms for service users and their families? They could ask care workers and service users (if appropriate) their opinions of the services, using the internet or organizational documents to look at actual quality assurance (note: primary and secondary methods required for mark band 3). AO4 Candidates need to pick one national policy or piece of legislation which relates to Adam and the services chosen. They need to say how it has affected the service user and service provider/practitioner (for mark band 3), providing an evaluation which draws valid conclusions of the overall effect of the legislation. For example, the NHS and Community Care Act 1990, the Mental Health Act 1993, the Health Act 1999 or the Care Standards Act 2000. If you want to look at a policy the NICE guidelines would be appropriate. Anatomy and Physiology in Practice This unit covers: * Respiratory system * Cardio-vascular system * Digestive system * Reproductive system * Musculo-skeletal system. This unit is exam assessed. The following web sites may help you: * www. howstuffworks. com * www. bbc. co. uk/health * www. ama-assn. org/ama/pub/category/7140. html * www. askann. co. uk * www. merck. com/mmhe/index. html * www. med. wayne. edu/diagRadiology/Anatomy_Modules/Page1. html On the following pages you will find a revision schedule which has been published by the exam board. Revision Schedule: Anatomy and Physiology in Practice Topic | Details | Completed | Respiratory System | Understand the overall structure of the respiratory system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the respiratory system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one respiratory dysfunction in detail and the causes of the respiratory dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one respiratory diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Cardio-vascular System | Understand the overall structure of the cardio-vascular system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the cardio-vascular system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one cardio-vascular dysfunction in detail and the causes of the cardio-vascular dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one cardio-vascular diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Digestive System | Understand the overall structure of the digestive system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the digestive system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one digestive dysfunction in detail and the causes of the digestive dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one digestive diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Reproductive System | Understand the overall structure of the reproductive system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the reproductive system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one reproductive dysfunction in detail and the causes of the reproductive dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one reproductive diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Renal System | Understand the overall structure of the renal system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Understand the functions of the renal system and its homeostatic links with other systems. Understand at least one renal dysfunction in detail and the causes of the renal dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one renal diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | | Musculo-skeletal and Neural Systems | Understand the overall structure of the musculo-skeletal system and be able to sketch and accurately label the gross structures. Know the structure of a joint. Understand the structure of the neural system and parts of the brain and understand their functions. Understand the functions of the various types of joint. Understand the functions of the musculo-skeletal and neural systems. Understand at least one musculo-skeletal dysfunction in detail and the causes of the musculo-skeletal dysfunction(s). Understand the general principles and values of at least one musculo-skeletal diagnostic technique for the dysfunction(s) in detail. Understand the general principles and values of at least one form of treatment for the dysfunction(s) in detail. | Lifestyle| Understand the effects (not only physiological and but also those related to PIES) of dysfunctions caused by lifestyle choices on each of the body systems studied to include: * smoking * drug misuse * exercise (overindulgence and lack of it) * poor diet * obesity * environmental factors (including living conditions, pollution, etc). | | Some Useful Websites Plea se remember that these web sites will not be designed for those taking the health and social care paper. They may therefore be a little more advanced than you need, or may lack detail (but have been included as they will give you a brief overview). http://lgfl. skoool. co. uk/ has some animations on enzymes and digestion under key stage 4 / biology. * http://www. biologyguide. net/ useful notes on the cardiac cycle * http://www. biology-innovation. co. uk/ useful notes on the digestive system * http://www. biologymad. com/ some excellent information on the cardiac cycle and a kidney animation. * http://www. biologyinmotion. com/ some great animations about kidneys and the heart. * http://www. kidneypatientguide. org. uk/site/HKWanim. php video showing how kidneys work. * http://health. howstuffworks. com/adam-200142. tm digestive system animation. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/digestion2. htm interactive digestive system diagram to label. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/heart. htm interactive diagram of the heart to label. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/blood. htm quiz on blood. * http://www. klbschool. org. uk/interactive/science/adh. htm adh sentence to reorganise. * http://www. kscience. co. uk/revision/digestion/digestion_index. htm some basic revision on the digestive system. * http://www. vtaide. com/png/respiratoryF. tm respiratory system to label. * http://www. innerbody. com/htm/body. html covers all body systems. * http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping. html animation showing blood movement through the heart. * http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical. html animation showing how electrical impulses travel across the heart. * http://www. kett6. net/adulteducation/heartanimations. html heart cycle animation and activities. * http://www. curriculumbits. com/prodimages/details/biology/bio0018. html breathing process revi sion activity. Child Development We will cover: * Patterns of development * Factors that influence development and norms of development * Theories of play and how play can affect development * How to plan and make a learning aid/activity for a child (0-8). This unit is coursework assessed. AO1 Identify the key stages and describe in detail three patterns (milestones) of development for each of the following: * Physical development * Intellectual development * Language development * Social development * Emotional development. Your information will cover children’s development from 0 – 8 years. You ill also need to explain two methods used to monitor child development. Suggested Format Introduce a case study of a child of 8 years or above – you can base this study on yourself. Produce a table. For each key stage (infant, toddler, pre-school and school age) describe three patterns/milestones/norms for each area of development. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * candidates will give a comprehensive description of two patterns for each area of development in children, from birth to eight years; there will be evidence of comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the patterns in the development of children (6 marks). candidates give a comprehensive explanation of two methods used to monitor the development of children, demonstrating an in-depth understanding of their importance (4 marks). AO2 Explain the factors which have affected the development of your chosen child. You must choose factors which have actually had an impact on the child’s development from: * The family * Environmental factors * Social and economic factors * Psychological factors * Behavioural problems. Explain the effect of factors on your chosen child’s development. Compare your child’s development with the norms for: * Physical development * Intellectual development Social development * Emotional development. Explain the variations from the norms. Suggested Format Produ ce a detailed comparison of your child’s development compared to the norms for each area of development (this could be started by adding to the table produced for AO1). In order to explain these differences/similarities you need to give a detailed explanation of the factors (at least two from above list) that have affected your child’s development. How do these help to explain any variations from the norms? Remember, the impact of these factors can be positive and negative. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) Working accurately and independently, candidates are required to provide detailed information about the factors that have affected the child’s development; influencing factors need to be considered and applied to the child studied. * They need to identify and describe in depth the effect of the factors on the child’s development. * Candidates will include a detailed comparison between the child’s development and the norm for each area of developmen t, showing a high level of understanding; they will explain any variations from the norms. AO3 You must use three different sources of information to research two theories of play. Research two theories of play. You could carry out your research by: * Visiting toy shops and analysing the toys available * Using catalogues to analyse toys available * Using books * Researching on the internet * Observing your chosen child playing. Analyse how two theories of play are reflected in your chosen child’s development. You must give two examples of each theory from the following list (although stages, types and benefits of play are all recommended by the exam board as they are easily applied to the child): * How play influences physical development. How play influences children’s cognitive development. * Benefits of play. * How play can be used as a theraputic process. * Types of play. * Categories of play. * Stages of play. You must keep a detailed record of all the sources you have used and record these in your bibliography. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * Candidates’ evidence will show that that an appropriate and wide range of sources of informa tion have been used for research, e. g. books, articles, internet and primary sources; a comprehensive record of the resources used will be kept (3 marks). The information will be comprehensive, with a comprehensive analysis which highlights candidates’ ability to make reasoned judgments of how two roles of play can be reflected in the child’s development (9 marks). * A wide range of appropriate examples will be used for each role (3 marks). AO4 Plan and make a learning aid/activity that will benefit your chosen child. Your choice must be designed to help their development in a specific way (use PIES). Say which area you think it will impact and make sure you justify your plan. Your plan must include: * The aims of the learning aid/activity * The objectives of the learning aid/activity The outcomes to be achieved by the child using the aid/activity * The method of making the learning aid/activity * Resources used * Safety aspects considered * Timescales. Plan your data collection methods for evaluating the learning aid/activity. You could use: * Own observations – prepare an observation sheet * Parent teacher reflections – prepare questionnaires * Assessor records – prepare record sheet * Questionnaire * Interview. Use the learning aid/activity with the child and collect evaluation data. How did it benefit your child? Evaluate the learning aid/activity in terms of: * The child’s response Achievement of outcomes * Effectiveness of purpose * Benefits to the child * Recommendations for improvements – must be realistic. Discuss how you could introduce progression to your learning aid or activity. Mark Scheme Extract (Top Band) * Candidates will have chosen an activity to do with the child studied that shows some thought about the impact on the child’s development and that will be sufficiently challenging for the child studied; the plan will be detailed and outline the methods to be used, including resources needed, and will give timescales, which will be accurate; reasons will be given for the actions taken. The evaluation will show ability to reflect on performance and to analyse in detail the benefits to the child studied. * Candidates will demonstrate the ability to make realistic and informed recommendations for improvements. Exemplar Coursework Layout * Justification of product – ? page. * Research showing how learning aid helps development and what this means- ? page. * Aims, objectives and outcomes – 2/3 page. * Table showing method and resources needed – ? page. * Weekly plan and detailed method – 1 page. * Safety – 1/3 page. Sources of feedback- 1 page. * Ev aluation – 2 pages. * Improvements – 1 page. * Copy of questionnaire – 1 page. * Transcript of interview with parent – 1 page. Case Study Marie is seven years old. Marie lives with her mother who is her primary care giver and her twin sister. She has another brother and sister who are older than her but she does not know them well as she was not brought up with them. They were put into care when they were 3 and 4 years old as their mother could not handle them. Marie only occasionally sees her brother and sister. Marie never had her father as a permanent part in her life as when she was three years old her dad moved away, he lived with her until she was eighteen months old before he split with her mum. Marie went to playschool at three years of age she also moved at the age of three. She has been to a variety of different primary schools and houses. Marie mixed well with all her peers mainly females at every school. She has good health apart from a small case of asthma and a slight eye problem. Her asthma is kept under control with asthma pumps and her eye problem is kept under control with wearing glasses. Marie moved house again at the age of six which interfered with her upbringing as she was out of school for a while and when she went back she had to make new friends, which became harder to do as she became more self conscious about herself. Marie’s birth weight was 4 pounds 5. 25 ounces, which is below the ‘norm’ of 7-8 pounds. Marie’s height at birth was approximately 30cms, which again is below the average ‘norm’ of 48-50cms, because of this Marie had to go into an incubator, she was bought home after 10 days. Questionnaire 1. 1 Name: Marie 2. Age: 7 years old 3. Gender: Female 4. Length when born? Roughly 30cms 5. Weight when born? 4 pounds 5 and a quarter ounces 6. Was your child premature/on time or late? Premature 7. If they were premature or late by how much? 3 weeks early 8. Did your child have to go into an incubator? Yes 9. If so why? Weighed under the norm and born too early 10. Were there any birth defects or complications? No 11. If so what kind? 12. Have they had any illnesses? No 13. If so what kind? 14. Was it a natural birth or a caesarean? Caesarean 15. Do they have any siblings? 16. Yes 17. If so how old are they? 7, 13 and 15 years old 18. What gender are they? 1-male and 2-female 19. Do they live with you? No 20. Did your child grow up with them around? Not really/ saw them occasionally 21. Is there often any sibling rivalry from other siblings? Yes from older sister 22. If so why? Jealous of attention for younger sisters off mother 23. Did your child have good or bad temper tantrums when younger? Bad 24. Was there ever an arrival of a younger sibling? No 25. Did your child have to share a room with siblings or did your child have their own room? Shared a room 26. Who was the baby’s main caregiver? Mother 27. Were both parents together when the child went home? Yes, up to 18 months 28. If not did the child ever see the absent parent? Yes/ occasionally after 18 months up to 3 years old 29. Does your child still live in the house they were born in? No 30. If not, how often have they moved? Roughly 8 times 31. What sort of home do you live in? Flat 32. How many bedrooms do you have? 2 33. How many people live in your home? 3 34. Do they go to nursery/playschool or have a childminder? Playschool 35. How old was your child when they started school? 4 years and started in September 36. Is your child at the same school they started at? No 37. If not, how many schools have they been to? Roughly 8 38. Does your child tend to play with girls or boys? Girls 39. Does your child socialize well with others? Yes 40. If no why? 41. If yes why? 42. Brought up around a large family 43. Has your child ever been bullied? Yes 44. If yes what sort of bullying? Verbal and physical 45. Does your child go out to play around the area they live in? Yes 46. Has your child ever been in hospital? Yes 47. If yes why? Broken nose, drinking dettol and unfermented wine 48. How many times has your child been in hospital? 3 49. What sort of area do you live in? All right area 50. Do you work? No 51. Do you work part/ full time? 52. If you do how much do you earn? 53. Do both parents or one parent work? 4. Do you get benefits? Yes 55. If yes which? 56. Child benefit 57. Have there been any big changes in your Childs life? Moving around a lot 58. Have there been any traumas in your Childs life? Granddad died when 4 years old, another granddad died when 6 years old and an auntie died when 7 years old. Milestones Physical development | Development milestones | General age milestone is met | Age Marie met the milestones | Gross Motor Skills | Lifted head and chest when lying on stomach | 4 months | 3 months | Rolled over (stomach to back) | 4 months | 3 and a half months | Sat with support | 4 months | 3 months |