Risk Factors Analysis of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection

Hazard Factors Analysis of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection Seroprevallence and hazard factors investigation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum disease of chickens in Bhola locale, Bangladesh. Mahfuzul Islamâ and Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan Unique This investigation was intended to decide the seroprevalence and hazard factors (kinds of chickens, age gatherings and periods) of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) disease in chickens. The examination was directed from April 2011 to March 2012. A sum of 480 blood tests were gathered thinking about sorts of chicken (patio chicken and business layer chicken), age gatherings (pullet, grown-up and old) and seasons (summer and winter) from various upazila of Bhola area of Bangladesh. Based on serum plate agglutination test, 268 chickens were discovered positive for MG (55.83%). As per the outcomes, the higher (62.5%) and lower (53.61%) pervasiveness of MG contamination was found in lawn chickens and business layer chicken separately. The pervasiveness was recorded most elevated in pullets (60.63%) trailed by grown-up (55.63%) and old chickens (51.25%), separately. The predominance was most elevated (60.42%) in winter and least (51.25%) in summer. It is generally suggested that MG contaminati on is as yet a significant ailment issue in chickens in Bangladesh. In this way, preventive systems, for example, proper farming and cleanliness, sterile treatment of chicks and eggs, routine wellbeing observing, chemoprophylaxis and immunization ought to be underscored. Watchwords: chickens, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, hazard factors, seroprevalence. Presentation In Bangladesh, poultry industry has gained surprising ground in the most recent decades from a patio dare to an extensively complex business industry. Notwithstanding the quick development of poultry industry, it is as yet inclined to certain irresistible dangers which may cause incredible monetary misfortunes. Insufficient estimates embraced by the partners for the control of ailments notwithstanding certain administration issues have rendered the poultry cultivating a hazardous business. Various microbial ailments are the significant wellbeing dangers being looked by poultry industry, among which mycoplasmosis is the most significant. Mycoplasmosis is brought about by four significant pathogens viz. M. gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), M. meleagrides (MM) and M. iowae (MI) (Bradbury, 2001 and Evans et al., 2005) of which MG is the most significant species that causes ceaseless respiratory ailment (CRD) in chickens (Ley, 2008). Feathered creatures of all age bunches are powerles s to this ailment yet youthful flying creatures are more inclined to disease than grown-ups (Seifi and Shirzad, 2012). MG is promptly transmitted on a level plane from both clinically contaminated and transporter fowls through direct contact. Mycoplasma living beings can get by in the host flying creature for roughly 24 hours and fomites can fill in as an irresistible course. Vertical transmission from some transporter flying creatures happens through trans-ovarian transmission. Poultry can convey the MG living beings with no clinical signs until an upsetting occasion triggers clinical malady. Brooding period fluctuates from 6-21 days and introduction of clinical signs can be exceptionally factor (Ley, 2008). The clinical signs with MG contamination in chicken incorporate respiratory rales, nasal release, hacking, and every so often conjunctivitis (Ley, 2003). MG can be analyzed by examining their various properties, for example, morphological, social qualities, biochemical and sero logical properties of the causal operator (Ley, 2008). Among serological tests the serum plate agglutination (SPA) test could be utilized as an instrument for fast location of MG contamination (Seifi and Shirzad, 2012). Monetarily accessible weakened strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) are regularly utilized as immunization inside the layer business to control MG-initiated mycoplasmosis (Evans et al., 2012). Be that as it may, all out annihilation of MG disease through test and butcher is the best control strategy (Ley, 2003). Be that as it may, in viable it is costly and the rise of multiage buildings in the business layer industry makes this methodology illogical (Levisohn and Kleven, 2000). Because of financial significance finding and prophylaxis of avian mycoplasmosis have gotten consideration. Reports on seroprevalence of mycoplasmosis in chickens are a lot of restricted in the Bhola locale of Bangladesh. In this way, the point of the current examination was to decide the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) disease in chickens and investigation the hazard factors (kinds of chickens, age gatherings and seasons) to take successful control estimates, for example, fitting farming and cleanliness, sterile treatment of chicks and eggs, routine wellbeing checking, chemoprophylaxis and immunization. MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation was directed in the Laboratory of District veterinary emergency clinic, District Livestock Office, Bhola, Bangladesh during the period from April 2011 to March 2012. Study region and choice of feathered creature: An aggregate of 480 blood tests were gathered from the wing vein of unvaccinated and sound chickens thinking about kinds of chicken (Backyard Chicken and Commercial layer Chicken), age gatherings (pullet, grown-up and old) and seasons (summer and winter) from various upazila of Bhola region of Bangladesh Blood assortment and serum planning: In live feathered creatures, 2 mL blood were gathered from wing vein by utilizing new expendable plastic syringe (5 mL) and gathered blood was kept in room temperature for around 1-2 hour(s). A spotless straw shading serum was seen around the thickened bunch and the serum was filled a named screw topped vial and put away at - 20Â ºC until utilized. Serum plate agglutination (SPA) test: The SPA test was directed with precious stone violet recolored M. gallisepticum business antigen (Nobilisâ ® MG) acquired from Intervet Company Ltd. (The Netherlands). Adhering to the makers guidance, 0.03 mL antigen and 0.03 mL serum was put next to each other with pipette in a glass plate and blended well by mixing in with glass bar, trailed by shaking. Results were perused inside 2 min. In positive cases granules were framed gradually which could be seen during shaking. In the negative case, no such granules were framed. Agglutination was doled out score from +1 to +3. Just the sera tests having agglutination score +2 or more prominent were recorded as positive and were incorporated for estimation of percent predominance. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Generally speaking predominance of MG contamination in lawn and business layer chicken The general pervasiveness of MG contamination was 55.83% (Table 1). The current finding is in concurrence with past reports of Godoy et al. (2001), Biswas et al. (2003) and Zhang et al. (2001) who detailed 59.1%, 54.9% and 53.0% seroprevalence of MG disease in chickens, individually. Results additionally indicated a higher pervasiveness of M. gallisepticum in lawn checkens (62.5%) when contrasted with business layer chicken (53.61%). Hossain et al. (2007) demonstrated the general seroprevalence of MG disease in various groups of business layer chicken in Rajshahi area of Bangladesh was recorded as 55.13%. Comparative reports were shown by Sikder et al. (2005) who detailed 56.9% seropositive layer chickens for MG contamination in Patuakhali region and by Sarkar et al. (2005) who announced 58.9% seropositive layer chickens for MG disease in some model reproducer poultry cultivates in Feni region of Bangladesh. Then again, there was no seroprevallence information accessible in the event of patio checkens. In any case, in this studty the higher predominance of M. gallisepticum in terrace checkens is might be because of progressively common disease. Predominance of MG disease in various ages Results indicated the most extreme predominance in pullets (60.63%) trailed by grown-up (55.63%) and old (51.25) chickens, individually (Table 2). Beforehand, Mukhtar et al. (2012) recorded the most noteworthy predominance (54.84 %) was found in pullets, trailed by 46.34 %, and 44.44 % in grown-up and old laying runs, individually. This finding likewise underpins the report of Hossain et al. (2007) who recorded the most noteworthy pervasiveness of MG contamination was 72.72% in 18-25 weeks age gathering while least commonness was 44.00% in 66 weeks or more age gathering. Comparable report was likewise shown by Sikder et al. (2005) who revealed most noteworthy MG contamination (71.42%) at 18 weeks old enough and least (55.17%) at 63 weeks old enough. This finding additionally bolsters the report of Sarkar et al. (2005) who recorded 73.80% MG disease at 20 weeks old enough in contrast with 45.16% at 55 weeks old enough. Most noteworthy disease in the youthful chickens is because of the vertical transmission of the life forms. Regular frequency of MG disease Results demonstrated a higher predominance of M. gallisepticum in winter (60.42%) when contrasted with the mid year (51.25%) season (Table 3) and comparative report was distributed before (Sarkar et al., 2005) that detailed 62.4% commonness of MG contamination in winter in contrast with 53.1% in summer. Like our discoveries, higher commonness of MG disease during winter season (61.48 %) than in summer (47.74 %) has been accounted for before (Heleili et al., 2011). Mukhtar et al. (2012) demonstrated the malady was progressively pervasive in winter season (45.13 %) in correlation with the late spring season (36.30 %). Hossain et al. (2007) indicated the seropositivity in chickens was 61.49% in winter contrasted with 47.74% in summer. Comparative report was shown by Sarkar et al. (2005) who announced 62.44% pervasiveness in winter in contrast with 53.10% in summer. This regular variety in disease may be because of the unexpected change in temperature and cold weight on the winged creatu res. Ends In result, M. gallisepticum is pervasive in Bhola region of Bangladesh and furthermore it could cause serious financial misfortunes. The commonness of MG contamination is higher in lawn chickens in contrast with business layer chickens. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the event of MG have a noteworthy relationship with age gatherings and seasons. Keeping in see, endeavors ought to be made towards teaching the poultry ranchers for the compelling